Windows ME Here is the ISO format for direct recording on the cd ...!!! In case anyone necesitee ...!! Windows ME
Monday, December 27, 2010
Fake Rappers Chains For Sale
ISO format Windows ME PC Virus Disinfect
Windows ME Here is the ISO format for direct recording on the cd ...!!! In case anyone necesitee ...!! Windows ME
Windows ME Here is the ISO format for direct recording on the cd ...!!! In case anyone necesitee ...!! Windows ME
Saturday, November 27, 2010
What Is The Name Of The Acid In Oranges
Rita Levi-Montalcini, Nobel Prize in Medicine. A brain centenary
"When you can not think, I want to help me die with dignity" 19/04/2009
Miguel Mora, El Pais.
April 22 is 100 years old Rita Levi-Montalcini. The Italian scientist, Nobel Prize, and feminist single sentence - "I am my own husband," said Senator for life long, and produces even more fascinating when you know closely. Just hear and see with difficulty, but not for: research, lectures, helping the less fortunate, and talk and remember with amazing clarity. Sobrada
character, shows her coquetry in the beautiful jewelry that looks, a bracelet she made herself Paola for her twin, the engagement ring of her mother, a splendid brooch designed by her also. From its vivid green eyes, Levi-Montalcini searches to a small group of reporters at the headquarters of the Roman foundation, where every evening driving education programs for African women.
In the morning visit the European Brain Research Institute, the institute established in Rome, and supervises experiments "a great group of young scientists, all women," who are learning about the protein molecule called Nerve Growth Factor (NGF ), which she discovered in 1951 and plays an essential role in cell division, and the brain, his specialty. "They are all female, yes, and it shows that talent has no gender. Women and men have equal mental capacity," he says.
With it, for 40 years, his right hand, Giuseppina Tripodi, who recently published a memoir, The hourglass of life, a synthesis of his fascinating story: his birth in Turin into a family of Sephardic origin The early decision to study and not to marry to avoid repeating the pattern of his mother, under the "rule Victorian" father's fascism and Mussolini's racial laws forced him to flee to Belgium and leave school, their years of work as a zoologist in Missouri (United States), the prize in Stockholm - "the matter that made me happy but famous - his reading and his friends (Kafka, Calvino, Primo Levi's intimate), until the present.
still lives thoroughly, eat only once a day and sleeps three hours. His attitude remains vital scientific and leftists. Pure question of reasoning, he explains, because the guilt of the great misfortunes of mankind has the right brain. "It is the instinctive, which served to bring down the tree Australopithecus and save your life. The little we have developed and the area to which dictators appeal for the masses to follow them. All tragedies always rely on that distrustful of different hemisphere. "
Lay and rigorous, will wholeheartedly support the biological and euthanasia. And do not fear death. "It is natural, one day but I did not kill. Just end up with my body." For its centenary, the teacher does not want gifts, parties or honors. That day will give a lecture on the brain.
How is life a hundred years? Great
. I only hear with a hearing aid and I see little, but the brain still works. Better than ever. Accumulate experience and learn to discard what does not.
Do you regret not having children? No.
was a teenager when I decided that I would never marry. Never have responded to a man like my mother was due to my father.
Remember when she decided to study? What did your father?
was the Victorian period. My father was a person of great intellectual and moral value, but a Victorian. Since she was against it, because I saw my father dominate everything, and I decided that I wanted to be in the background as my mother, whom he adored. She did not send. I told my father did not want to be neither mother nor wife, who wanted to be scientific and devote myself to the other, using the few skills I had to help those in need. I wanted to be a doctor and help the suffering. He said: "I do not approve but I can not stop you. "
What moments of his life have been more exciting?
The discovery I made, which is more important today than then. When each experiment confirmed my hypothesis, which was completely against the tenets of that time I lived thrills. Perhaps the most exciting. For the rest, the recognition of Stockholm I was so pleased, of course, but less exciting.
His thesis showed that the two hemispheres of the brain, one is less developed than another.
Yes, the limbic brain, the right hemisphere has had no functional or somatic development. And, unfortunately, still today dominates the other. Everything that happens in the great tragedies is due to the fact that this archaic brain dominates the real reason. So we must be alert. Today may be the end of humanity. In all the great tragedies is camouflaged intelligence and reasoning with low-level instinct. Totalitarian regimes of Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin convinced the people with that reasoning, that is pure instinct and emerges at the origin of vertebrate life, but that has nothing to do with reasoning. The danger is that what saved the tree when it fell Australopithecus continue to predominate.
In a hundred years you have known these totalitarianism. How can you prevent a recurrence?
We must begin in childhood education. Human behavior is not genetic but epigenetic, the child of two or three years assumes the environment in which they live and also the hatred of the different and all these terrible things that have happened and still passing.
What have you learned from your parents? What values \u200b\u200bdo you broadcast?
thing was behaving in a reasonable way, know what it's worth really. Have a thorough and good behavior, but without the idea of \u200b\u200breward or punishment. There was no idea of \u200b\u200bheaven and hell. We were religious, but the attitude to life was not about religion. There was a sense of duty, but without compensation post mortem. We had to behave well, that's an obligation. Then there was talk of genetics, but it was that spirit. No reward or fear.
Its origin is Sephardic. Did they speak English at home?
No, never had much to do with that language. We knew that we came from the Sephardic and Ashkenazi not on, but nobody talked about it, we did not care much be one or the other. Spinoza made me happy, was a great cultural reference, and everything we knew came from the great Jewish thinkers, but there was a sense of pride, to be better, never think so.
it enough to understand a century Italy?
is a wonderful country, the climate, the history of the Renaissance, and their enormous contributions, history and discoveries formidable capacity. I always felt Jewish and Italian, both at 100%. He saw no difficulty in that.
How do you see in Italy today?
has a very strong human capital, innovative capacity and coexistence, the pride of the past and not feel too affected by the negative things, like the mafia. I always felt it was a country that was fortunate to join and be born. Being Italian was part of us, nobody asked us if we were Italian or not. It was also fortunate to be Jewish. I never knew Bible, I had a religious upbringing, and I reflected on the artistic and moral capital Italian and Jewish. I did not belong to a small persecuted minority, knew that it happened, but I was not part of it. Since a child I felt like everyone else. When I asked "what is your religion?", He answered: "I, free-thinking", and nobody knew what it was. And thy Father which is: engineer.
How did fascism?
I have no personal grudge . Without the racial laws, which determined that Jews were an inferior race, not have had to place me in my room to work, in Turin and then Asti. But I never felt inferior.
So you do not feel afraid?
Fear not, contempt and hatred itself, purely by Mussolini. My Professor Giuseppe Levi followed him step by step and was happy with what he boldly dared to do and say. I never felt the prosecution because my college friends considered me as Catholics. I had no sense of danger. When the persecution began, things were so filthy that I did not say that the hint. I was already licensed in 1936, studied with Renato Dulbecco, Catholic, and Salvatore Luria, Jewish, and had no sense of being different.
Do you think there is a danger that fascism again?
Yes, at critical times more prevalent instinctive component of the brain that is camouflaged to reason and encourages young people to reason as if they were part of a superior race.
you followed the controversy over the pope, condoms and AIDS?
not share what he said.
What do you think of the power of the Church? Is it too much?
Yes I was the first woman admitted to the Pontifical Academy and had a good relationship with Paul VI and Wojtyla, Ratzinger also, though less deep that Paul VI, who esteem. I had not considered that instead with Pope Well, Roncalli (John XXIII), which for me was not good, because it was a close friend of Mussolini and when they started anti-fascist laws said he had done much good for Italy.
Has his thinking changed much over life?
Little, little. I always thought that the woman was destroyed because the man his power imposed by physical force and not the mental. And with physical force can be trunk, but not a genius. I think yet.
Would you ever imported the glory?
For me, medicine was the way to help those not fortunate to live in a highly educated family like mine. This straight line has not changed. Scientific activity and social are the same thing. Aid to African women and medicine are the same.
Your brain is still a mystery?
No. It is now much less mysterious. The development of science is formidable, we know how it works from the scientific and technological side. Their study is no longer a privilege of the experts in anatomy, physiology or behavior. Anatomists have not done much, removing some. Now there are no barriers. Physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists, biochemists and molecular, all bring new things. And that opens up possibilities for new discoveries every day. I myself, for 100 years, still making important discoveries that I think about factor operation discovered more than 50 years.
Will birthday party?
No, I want to be forgotten, that's my hope. No fault or merit in turning 100 years. I can say that the eyes and ears have fallen, but the brain fails. I have a mental capacity may exceed the age of 20. Has not slowed the ability to think and live ...
Tell us the secret.
The only way is to keep thinking, ignore yourself and be indifferent to death, because death strikes us not to us but to our body, and one leaves messages persist. When I die, die my tiny single body.
Are you ready?
not necessary. Dying is logical. How
want to live?
time to work the brain. When chemical factors lose the ability to think, I'll leave that in my living will I be helped to leave my life with dignity. It may happen tomorrow or after tomorrow. That's not important. The important thing is to live with serenity, and always think with the left hemisphere, not to the right. Because that leads to the Holocaust, the tragedy and misery. And it can lead to the extinction of the human species. 
"When you can not think, I want to help me die with dignity" 19/04/2009 Miguel Mora, El Pais.
April 22 is 100 years old Rita Levi-Montalcini. The Italian scientist, Nobel Prize, and feminist single sentence - "I am my own husband," said Senator for life long, and produces even more fascinating when you know closely. Just hear and see with difficulty, but not for: research, lectures, helping the less fortunate, and talk and remember with amazing clarity. Sobrada
character, shows her coquetry in the beautiful jewelry that looks, a bracelet she made herself Paola for her twin, the engagement ring of her mother, a splendid brooch designed by her also. From its vivid green eyes, Levi-Montalcini searches to a small group of reporters at the headquarters of the Roman foundation, where every evening driving education programs for African women.
In the morning visit the European Brain Research Institute, the institute established in Rome, and supervises experiments "a great group of young scientists, all women," who are learning about the protein molecule called Nerve Growth Factor (NGF ), which she discovered in 1951 and plays an essential role in cell division, and the brain, his specialty. "They are all female, yes, and it shows that talent has no gender. Women and men have equal mental capacity," he says.
With it, for 40 years, his right hand, Giuseppina Tripodi, who recently published a memoir, The hourglass of life, a synthesis of his fascinating story: his birth in Turin into a family of Sephardic origin The early decision to study and not to marry to avoid repeating the pattern of his mother, under the "rule Victorian" father's fascism and Mussolini's racial laws forced him to flee to Belgium and leave school, their years of work as a zoologist in Missouri (United States), the prize in Stockholm - "the matter that made me happy but famous - his reading and his friends (Kafka, Calvino, Primo Levi's intimate), until the present.
still lives thoroughly, eat only once a day and sleeps three hours. His attitude remains vital scientific and leftists. Pure question of reasoning, he explains, because the guilt of the great misfortunes of mankind has the right brain. "It is the instinctive, which served to bring down the tree Australopithecus and save your life. The little we have developed and the area to which dictators appeal for the masses to follow them. All tragedies always rely on that distrustful of different hemisphere. "
Lay and rigorous, will wholeheartedly support the biological and euthanasia. And do not fear death. "It is natural, one day but I did not kill. Just end up with my body." For its centenary, the teacher does not want gifts, parties or honors. That day will give a lecture on the brain.
How is life a hundred years? Great
. I only hear with a hearing aid and I see little, but the brain still works. Better than ever. Accumulate experience and learn to discard what does not.
Do you regret not having children? No.
was a teenager when I decided that I would never marry. Never have responded to a man like my mother was due to my father.
Remember when she decided to study? What did your father?
was the Victorian period. My father was a person of great intellectual and moral value, but a Victorian. Since she was against it, because I saw my father dominate everything, and I decided that I wanted to be in the background as my mother, whom he adored. She did not send. I told my father did not want to be neither mother nor wife, who wanted to be scientific and devote myself to the other, using the few skills I had to help those in need. I wanted to be a doctor and help the suffering. He said: "I do not approve but I can not stop you. "
What moments of his life have been more exciting?
The discovery I made, which is more important today than then. When each experiment confirmed my hypothesis, which was completely against the tenets of that time I lived thrills. Perhaps the most exciting. For the rest, the recognition of Stockholm I was so pleased, of course, but less exciting.
His thesis showed that the two hemispheres of the brain, one is less developed than another.
Yes, the limbic brain, the right hemisphere has had no functional or somatic development. And, unfortunately, still today dominates the other. Everything that happens in the great tragedies is due to the fact that this archaic brain dominates the real reason. So we must be alert. Today may be the end of humanity. In all the great tragedies is camouflaged intelligence and reasoning with low-level instinct. Totalitarian regimes of Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin convinced the people with that reasoning, that is pure instinct and emerges at the origin of vertebrate life, but that has nothing to do with reasoning. The danger is that what saved the tree when it fell Australopithecus continue to predominate.
In a hundred years you have known these totalitarianism. How can you prevent a recurrence?
We must begin in childhood education. Human behavior is not genetic but epigenetic, the child of two or three years assumes the environment in which they live and also the hatred of the different and all these terrible things that have happened and still passing.
What have you learned from your parents? What values \u200b\u200bdo you broadcast?
thing was behaving in a reasonable way, know what it's worth really. Have a thorough and good behavior, but without the idea of \u200b\u200breward or punishment. There was no idea of \u200b\u200bheaven and hell. We were religious, but the attitude to life was not about religion. There was a sense of duty, but without compensation post mortem. We had to behave well, that's an obligation. Then there was talk of genetics, but it was that spirit. No reward or fear.
Its origin is Sephardic. Did they speak English at home?
No, never had much to do with that language. We knew that we came from the Sephardic and Ashkenazi not on, but nobody talked about it, we did not care much be one or the other. Spinoza made me happy, was a great cultural reference, and everything we knew came from the great Jewish thinkers, but there was a sense of pride, to be better, never think so.
it enough to understand a century Italy?
is a wonderful country, the climate, the history of the Renaissance, and their enormous contributions, history and discoveries formidable capacity. I always felt Jewish and Italian, both at 100%. He saw no difficulty in that.
How do you see in Italy today?
has a very strong human capital, innovative capacity and coexistence, the pride of the past and not feel too affected by the negative things, like the mafia. I always felt it was a country that was fortunate to join and be born. Being Italian was part of us, nobody asked us if we were Italian or not. It was also fortunate to be Jewish. I never knew Bible, I had a religious upbringing, and I reflected on the artistic and moral capital Italian and Jewish. I did not belong to a small persecuted minority, knew that it happened, but I was not part of it. Since a child I felt like everyone else. When I asked "what is your religion?", He answered: "I, free-thinking", and nobody knew what it was. And thy Father which is: engineer.
How did fascism?
I have no personal grudge . Without the racial laws, which determined that Jews were an inferior race, not have had to place me in my room to work, in Turin and then Asti. But I never felt inferior.
So you do not feel afraid?
Fear not, contempt and hatred itself, purely by Mussolini. My Professor Giuseppe Levi followed him step by step and was happy with what he boldly dared to do and say. I never felt the prosecution because my college friends considered me as Catholics. I had no sense of danger. When the persecution began, things were so filthy that I did not say that the hint. I was already licensed in 1936, studied with Renato Dulbecco, Catholic, and Salvatore Luria, Jewish, and had no sense of being different.
Do you think there is a danger that fascism again?
Yes, at critical times more prevalent instinctive component of the brain that is camouflaged to reason and encourages young people to reason as if they were part of a superior race.
you followed the controversy over the pope, condoms and AIDS?
not share what he said.
What do you think of the power of the Church? Is it too much?
Yes I was the first woman admitted to the Pontifical Academy and had a good relationship with Paul VI and Wojtyla, Ratzinger also, though less deep that Paul VI, who esteem. I had not considered that instead with Pope Well, Roncalli (John XXIII), which for me was not good, because it was a close friend of Mussolini and when they started anti-fascist laws said he had done much good for Italy.
Has his thinking changed much over life?
Little, little. I always thought that the woman was destroyed because the man his power imposed by physical force and not the mental. And with physical force can be trunk, but not a genius. I think yet.
Would you ever imported the glory?
For me, medicine was the way to help those not fortunate to live in a highly educated family like mine. This straight line has not changed. Scientific activity and social are the same thing. Aid to African women and medicine are the same.
Your brain is still a mystery?
No. It is now much less mysterious. The development of science is formidable, we know how it works from the scientific and technological side. Their study is no longer a privilege of the experts in anatomy, physiology or behavior. Anatomists have not done much, removing some. Now there are no barriers. Physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists, biochemists and molecular, all bring new things. And that opens up possibilities for new discoveries every day. I myself, for 100 years, still making important discoveries that I think about factor operation discovered more than 50 years.
Will birthday party?
No, I want to be forgotten, that's my hope. No fault or merit in turning 100 years. I can say that the eyes and ears have fallen, but the brain fails. I have a mental capacity may exceed the age of 20. Has not slowed the ability to think and live ...
Tell us the secret.
The only way is to keep thinking, ignore yourself and be indifferent to death, because death strikes us not to us but to our body, and one leaves messages persist. When I die, die my tiny single body.
Are you ready?
not necessary. Dying is logical. How
want to live?
time to work the brain. When chemical factors lose the ability to think, I'll leave that in my living will I be helped to leave my life with dignity. It may happen tomorrow or after tomorrow. That's not important. The important thing is to live with serenity, and always think with the left hemisphere, not to the right. Because that leads to the Holocaust, the tragedy and misery. And it can lead to the extinction of the human species.
How To Clean A Caststone Fire Place
Rita Levi-Montalcini, neurologist, NOBEL PRIZE FOR MEDICINE. BUSINESS ACTIVITY
Hitler and Mussolini knew
22/12/2005 - How will celebrate its 100 years? -
Ah, I do not know if I will live, and it pleases me no celebrations. What interests me and gives me pleasure is what I do every day!
- What do you do? -
Work for scholarships for African girls to study and grow themselves and their countries. And I'm still researching, I still think ...
- No retire .-
Never! Retirement is destroying brains! Many people retire, and leave ... And it kills your brain. And sick.
- And how's your brain?
- As my 20 years! I do not notice a difference in illusions or capacity. Morning flight to a medical conference ...
- But there will be a genetic limit ...-
No. My brain will soon have a century ... but do not know senility. My body wrinkle, is inevitable, but not the brain!
- How do you do? -
We enjoy high neuronal plasticity, although neurons die, the remaining are rearranged to maintain the same functions, but this should encourage them!
- Help me do
.- Keep your brain excited, active, make it work, and never degenerate.
- And I will live longer? -
years will live better lives, that's interesting. The key is to keep trivia, pursuits, have passions ...
"Yours was the scientific research
...- Yes, and still is.
- discovered how to grow and renew the cells of the nervous system ...
- Yes, in 1942: I called nerve growth factor (NGF, nerve growth factor), and for nearly half a century was in question, until it recognized its validity and in 1986 I was given the Nobel prize for it!
- How was that an Italian girl of the twenties became a neuroscientist? -
Since childhood I had the commitment to study. My father wanted to marry well, it was a good wife, good mother ... And I refused. I stood and confessed he wanted to study ...
- What a disappointment to Dad, right? -
Yes But I did not have a happy childhood: I was ugly duckling, silly, little thing ... My older brothers were very bright, and I felt so inferior ...- I see that it became a stimulus ...- I also stimulated the example of the physician Albert Schweitzer, who was in Africa to alleviate the leprosy. I wanted to help the suffering, that was my dream ...!
- and he has done ... with his science .-
And today, helping girls in Africa to study. Fight against the disease, yes, but better if just the oppression of women in Islamic countries ...!
- Religion slows cognitive development "? (Knowledge) -
If religion marginalizes women compared with men, the departure of cognitive development.
- Are there differences between the brains of men and women? -
only related brain function with emotions, linked to the endocrine system. But in terms of cognitive functions, there is no difference.
- Why there is still little scientific? -
is not so! Many scientific findings were attributed to men in truth his sisters, wives and daughters!
- Really? -
intelligence did not admit women, and the left in the shade. Today, happily, there are more women than men in scientific research: the heirs of Hypatia!
- The fourth-century Alexandrian knew ...-
no longer end up murdered in the street misogynist Christian monks, like her. Since then, the world has improved somewhat ...
- No one has tried to kill you ...-
During Fascism, Mussolini wanted to imitate Hitler's persecution of Jews ..., and I had to hide for a while. But do not stop investigating, I started my lab in my bedroom ... discovered and apoptosis, the programmed cell death !
- Why is there such a high percentage of Jews among scientists and intellectuals? -
exclusion of the Jews promoted the work of intellect can prohibírtelo all, but do not you think! And it is true that many Jews among Nobel prize ...
- How do you explain the Nazi madness? -
Hitler and Mussolini knew
speak to the masses, which always dominates the neocortical brain emotional, intellectual. Manage emotions, not reason!
- "Is it now? -
Why do you think that many U.S. schools teach creationism instead of evolution?
- Ideology is emotion, it is nonsense? -
The reason is the daughter of imperfection. In invertebrates everything is scheduled, are perfect. We no! And, being imperfect, we turned to the right, ethical values, discern between good and evil is the highest degree of Darwinian evolution!
- Never married, have no children? -
No. I went into the jungle of the nervous system and was so fascinated by its beauty that I decided to devote all my time, my life!
- got one day cure Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, dementia ...?-
Cure ... What we will accomplish will be to curb, delay, minimize all these diseases
- What is your dream today? -
That a day we make full use of the cognitive ability of our brains.
- When did you feel ugly duckling? -
I'm still aware of my limitations!
- What has been the best of your life? -
Helping others.
- What would today if I had 20 years? -
But if I'm doing it!
Tuesday, November 23, 2010
How Long Can Esld Last
22 21
1) Find the meaning of the words in BOLD previous text (Division of Protozoa) and write in your notebook.
2) Based on information from the previous text (division of Protozoa) creates a conceptual map
2) Based on information from the previous text (division of Protozoa) creates a conceptual map
Icd 9 History Or Pedal Edema
CLASSIFICATION OF PROTOZOA 20
Some protozoa are immobile. However most if they are mobile. Protozoa are mobilized using organoid as pseudopodia, flagella, cilia and undulating membranes, and depending on the presence of these organelles protozoa can be divided into: Class Rhizopoda
( rhizopods or Sarcodina )
are characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia sliders, which are used in feeding and locomotion. The pseudopodia are given different names according to their shape and structure. Mechanism is still uncertain pseudopod makes slip and change shape, but is likely to be bending or sliding of certain proteins simultaneously.
Although their organelles remain relatively simple, many acquired through evolution Sarcodina complex skeletons. Sarcodina various classes differ in the nature of their skeletons and pseudopodia. The amoebae can be: Amoeba tested, which have a clamshell cover, and naked amoebae, which do not have any cover. The foraminifera, which are mostly Sarcadinos marine benthic have a chalky coat is usually multilocular. One good-sized opening, allows the projection of the cytoplasm that reaches to cover the outside of the testa from the cytoplasm extended long pseudopods emerge, thin and often anastomosis are used for prey capture and locomotion.
The Heliozoarios are Sarcodina, spherical with radial symmetry, planktonic and benthic are restricted mostly to life in freshwater. These agencies use long pseudopods, radial-like needles (exopod), to capture the exopod food from deep or bone and spread through an ectoplasmic cortex external is usually vacuolated, this bark often has a siliceous skeleton composed of plates, tubes and needles. Sacodinos
Radiolarians are marine, planktonic, with specific bodies and radial pseudopodia. A wall separates organic capsular central cortex of extracapsular cytoplasm. The complex boast radiolarian skeletons of silica dioxide or strontium sulfate, which are located within the cytoplasm are organized as extracapsular and trellis transparent spheres with radial spines or both.
Both foraminifera and radiolaria are major contributors in the formation of deep marine sediments.
In this group there are individuals free-living parasites. Among the best known are:
· Amoeba proteus. Free-living species. Entamoeba histolytica
· . Parasite that causes amoebic dysentery.
· Entamoeba gingivalis. lives in the mouth of mammals, is diner.
· Nummulites. Fossil foraminifera. Class Mastigophora
( Mastigophora or Flagellates )
are all protozoa that possess flagella in their adult phase. They were divided for convenience in phytoflagellates and zooflagelados. Phytoflagellates typically have 1 or 2 chloroplasts and flagella, are holofílicos there are many common forms as Euglena, Chamydomonas, Volvox and Paranema, are all microscopic algae, most are free living. The Zooflagelados have 1 or more flagella lack chloroplasts and are holozoicos and saprozoícos, some are free living but most are commensals, symbionts or parasites of other animals.
Its locomotion is by means of flagella (when multiple) can be mixed and one is the one who leads the movement and the others follow. The scourge has joint ultrastructure of 2 central microtubules form a nucleus surrounded by 9 pairs more. Is covered by a sheath which is continuous with the cell membrane, the flagellum was born in a body basal called Blefaroblasto, a centriole is involved in mitosis in some cases. The scourge running waves in one or two planes to push or pull. The waves move from base to tip and push the body in the opposite direction or go to the tip to the base and pull the body.
Nutrition: holofíticos phytoflagellates are primarily, although some saprozoicos and holozoicos or have any combination of these forms. The flagellate is green when the chlorophyll is masked by another pigment as in the fotomónas and Euglena. If dominated by xanthophylls, the color is red, orange, yellow or brown.
Some flagellates can be classified as autotrophs heterotrophic or strict, since there are intermediate conditions. The Euglena gracilis is strictly photoautotrophs it can synthesize organic compounds from inorganic substances. Some are facultative saprophytic.
The phytoflagellates stored food reserves in an oil or fat or carbohydrates in the form of typical vegetable starch.
In most flagellated, asexual reproduction is by binary fission.
can be wild, in fresh or salt water, occurring singly or in colonies. There are also parasitic groups, among them the following stand out: Trypanosoma gambiense
· and Trypanosoma rhodesiense . They are deadly parasites that cause sleeping sickness. " Trypanosoma cruzi
· . Appears in South America and produces "Chagas disease."
· Leishmania. Present in different parts of the world. Causes serious diseases such as Kala-azar or black fever.
· Gonyaulax catenella. Free-living species that form large groups, movements of individuals. These groups are called "red tide" and are food for bivalves (mussels). These protozoa produce a toxin harmless to mussels, but the man produces "mussel poisoning" that can result in death. Class Sporozoa
( sporozoan )
are obligate parasites of various animal groups. Live within the cells of their hosts (hosts) and can become pathogenic. Generally have alternating phases of sexual reproduction and other asexual multiplication. In these, there is a large number of spores from the apparently simultaneous division of a single cell (schizogony or sporulation), in reality it is several successive bipartition are hidden. The name "Sporozoa" refers to this feature of the cycle.
detailed examination of the ultrastructure and, above all, the comparison direct their genes and their proteins have demonstrated the polyphyly of the group, and the affinities of the groups that traditionally come including: apicomplexan, Haplosporida, Microsporidia and mixosporidias.
are able to form highly resistant spores. The best examples include
· Toxoplasma : Produce toxoplasmosis, the severity of this disease depends on the tissue affected. Plasmodium
Malarie · and P. falciparum: These two species cause severe malaria disease. Today is the disease that kills more people in the world.
Class Ciliophora (ciliates or Ciliophora )
unicellular forms are relatively large, with a complex internal structure, which makes think more about the anatomy of a small animal, which are, in a cell. There are three defining characteristics:
Its surface is covered with cilia regularly aligned with that move actively and quickly.
have two cores, macronucleus and micronucleus, the latter reserved for sexual reproduction, which perform sporadically.
Most phagocytosis performed by which are fed through a specialized area, sunken, called cytostome, ie cell mouth.
Most ciliates also has a or more prominent contractile vacuoles, which collect and expel water from the cell to maintain osmotic pressure and a certain role in maintaining the ion balance. These often have a star of radio ducts emerging. Other distinct components are the alveoli, small vesicles attached to the cell membrane inside that maintain cell shape, ranging from flexible and rigid contractile. Extrusomes numerous mitochondria and are also usually present.
Cilia occur in longitudinal rows covering the entire cell, although some groups cilia are observed only in a limited region of the cell body, around the cytostome. In some cases the cilia are arranged in tufts or tufts called cirri. Are used for a variety of functions among which are the movement, drag, grip, power and sensation. The movement of the cilia is coordinated with precision, and the impression given is similar to the wind causes waves in a wheat field.
cilia are usually arranged in monokinetids or dicinetias, including respectively one or two kinetosomes, each bearing a cilium. These are usually organized into rows called kinetic running from front to the back of the cell. Others polykinetids organized groups of several cilia along with their structures associated. Used for classification of different groups.
phagocytizing particles are fed, what they do almost always from the bottom of a cavity called cytostome, located almost always in a recess or depression called the vestibule, which appears specialized cilia cover. These usually include a series of membranelles to the left of the mouth and on your right paroral membrane, both of which arise from polykinetids. Some ciliates have poorly differentiated cytostome, or lack of it, engulfing in any case only a certain portion of its surface. In the group of sucker phagocytosis is performed by the ends of multiple tentacles. The waste disposal not digested in the digestive vacuoles by exocytosis takes place, often also through a specialized region, called in this case citoprocto, which literally translates as "cellular year."
These individuals have free-living in freshwater, marine or brackish water. Parasitic species also appear. The best known representatives are:
· Paramecium. Ciliated freshwater appears containing plant residues.
· Vorticella. It also appears in freshwater. It features live fixed to the substrate. Is an individual sessile. It uses cilia to capture food. Tetrahymena thermophila
· . Are represented in all kinds of aquatic habitats, but are mostly inhabitants of freshwaters and soils, with some notable but isolated group of marine forms. Many hold up well contamination and thrive in the sewers and treatment plants wastewater. They feed on organic particles and engulfing all bacteria and other microorganisms, sometimes almost as big as them.
( rhizopods or Sarcodina )
are characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia sliders, which are used in feeding and locomotion. The pseudopodia are given different names according to their shape and structure. Mechanism is still uncertain pseudopod makes slip and change shape, but is likely to be bending or sliding of certain proteins simultaneously.
Although their organelles remain relatively simple, many acquired through evolution Sarcodina complex skeletons. Sarcodina various classes differ in the nature of their skeletons and pseudopodia. The amoebae can be: Amoeba tested, which have a clamshell cover, and naked amoebae, which do not have any cover. The foraminifera, which are mostly Sarcadinos marine benthic have a chalky coat is usually multilocular. One good-sized opening, allows the projection of the cytoplasm that reaches to cover the outside of the testa from the cytoplasm extended long pseudopods emerge, thin and often anastomosis are used for prey capture and locomotion.
The Heliozoarios are Sarcodina, spherical with radial symmetry, planktonic and benthic are restricted mostly to life in freshwater. These agencies use long pseudopods, radial-like needles (exopod), to capture the exopod food from deep or bone and spread through an ectoplasmic cortex external is usually vacuolated, this bark often has a siliceous skeleton composed of plates, tubes and needles. Sacodinos
Radiolarians are marine, planktonic, with specific bodies and radial pseudopodia. A wall separates organic capsular central cortex of extracapsular cytoplasm. The complex boast radiolarian skeletons of silica dioxide or strontium sulfate, which are located within the cytoplasm are organized as extracapsular and trellis transparent spheres with radial spines or both.
Both foraminifera and radiolaria are major contributors in the formation of deep marine sediments.
In this group there are individuals free-living parasites. Among the best known are:
· Amoeba proteus. Free-living species. Entamoeba histolytica
· . Parasite that causes amoebic dysentery.
· Entamoeba gingivalis. lives in the mouth of mammals, is diner.
· Nummulites. Fossil foraminifera. Class Mastigophora
( Mastigophora or Flagellates )
are all protozoa that possess flagella in their adult phase. They were divided for convenience in phytoflagellates and zooflagelados. Phytoflagellates typically have 1 or 2 chloroplasts and flagella, are holofílicos there are many common forms as Euglena, Chamydomonas, Volvox and Paranema, are all microscopic algae, most are free living. The Zooflagelados have 1 or more flagella lack chloroplasts and are holozoicos and saprozoícos, some are free living but most are commensals, symbionts or parasites of other animals.
Its locomotion is by means of flagella (when multiple) can be mixed and one is the one who leads the movement and the others follow. The scourge has joint ultrastructure of 2 central microtubules form a nucleus surrounded by 9 pairs more. Is covered by a sheath which is continuous with the cell membrane, the flagellum was born in a body basal called Blefaroblasto, a centriole is involved in mitosis in some cases. The scourge running waves in one or two planes to push or pull. The waves move from base to tip and push the body in the opposite direction or go to the tip to the base and pull the body.
Nutrition: holofíticos phytoflagellates are primarily, although some saprozoicos and holozoicos or have any combination of these forms. The flagellate is green when the chlorophyll is masked by another pigment as in the fotomónas and Euglena. If dominated by xanthophylls, the color is red, orange, yellow or brown.
Some flagellates can be classified as autotrophs heterotrophic or strict, since there are intermediate conditions. The Euglena gracilis is strictly photoautotrophs it can synthesize organic compounds from inorganic substances. Some are facultative saprophytic.
The phytoflagellates stored food reserves in an oil or fat or carbohydrates in the form of typical vegetable starch.
In most flagellated, asexual reproduction is by binary fission.
can be wild, in fresh or salt water, occurring singly or in colonies. There are also parasitic groups, among them the following stand out: Trypanosoma gambiense
· and Trypanosoma rhodesiense . They are deadly parasites that cause sleeping sickness. " Trypanosoma cruzi
· . Appears in South America and produces "Chagas disease."
· Leishmania. Present in different parts of the world. Causes serious diseases such as Kala-azar or black fever.
· Gonyaulax catenella. Free-living species that form large groups, movements of individuals. These groups are called "red tide" and are food for bivalves (mussels). These protozoa produce a toxin harmless to mussels, but the man produces "mussel poisoning" that can result in death. Class Sporozoa
( sporozoan )
are obligate parasites of various animal groups. Live within the cells of their hosts (hosts) and can become pathogenic. Generally have alternating phases of sexual reproduction and other asexual multiplication. In these, there is a large number of spores from the apparently simultaneous division of a single cell (schizogony or sporulation), in reality it is several successive bipartition are hidden. The name "Sporozoa" refers to this feature of the cycle.
detailed examination of the ultrastructure and, above all, the comparison direct their genes and their proteins have demonstrated the polyphyly of the group, and the affinities of the groups that traditionally come including: apicomplexan, Haplosporida, Microsporidia and mixosporidias.
are able to form highly resistant spores. The best examples include
· Toxoplasma : Produce toxoplasmosis, the severity of this disease depends on the tissue affected. Plasmodium
Malarie · and P. falciparum: These two species cause severe malaria disease. Today is the disease that kills more people in the world.
Class Ciliophora (ciliates or Ciliophora )
unicellular forms are relatively large, with a complex internal structure, which makes think more about the anatomy of a small animal, which are, in a cell. There are three defining characteristics:
Its surface is covered with cilia regularly aligned with that move actively and quickly.
have two cores, macronucleus and micronucleus, the latter reserved for sexual reproduction, which perform sporadically.
Most phagocytosis performed by which are fed through a specialized area, sunken, called cytostome, ie cell mouth.
Most ciliates also has a or more prominent contractile vacuoles, which collect and expel water from the cell to maintain osmotic pressure and a certain role in maintaining the ion balance. These often have a star of radio ducts emerging. Other distinct components are the alveoli, small vesicles attached to the cell membrane inside that maintain cell shape, ranging from flexible and rigid contractile. Extrusomes numerous mitochondria and are also usually present.
Cilia occur in longitudinal rows covering the entire cell, although some groups cilia are observed only in a limited region of the cell body, around the cytostome. In some cases the cilia are arranged in tufts or tufts called cirri. Are used for a variety of functions among which are the movement, drag, grip, power and sensation. The movement of the cilia is coordinated with precision, and the impression given is similar to the wind causes waves in a wheat field.
cilia are usually arranged in monokinetids or dicinetias, including respectively one or two kinetosomes, each bearing a cilium. These are usually organized into rows called kinetic running from front to the back of the cell. Others polykinetids organized groups of several cilia along with their structures associated. Used for classification of different groups.
phagocytizing particles are fed, what they do almost always from the bottom of a cavity called cytostome, located almost always in a recess or depression called the vestibule, which appears specialized cilia cover. These usually include a series of membranelles to the left of the mouth and on your right paroral membrane, both of which arise from polykinetids. Some ciliates have poorly differentiated cytostome, or lack of it, engulfing in any case only a certain portion of its surface. In the group of sucker phagocytosis is performed by the ends of multiple tentacles. The waste disposal not digested in the digestive vacuoles by exocytosis takes place, often also through a specialized region, called in this case citoprocto, which literally translates as "cellular year."
These individuals have free-living in freshwater, marine or brackish water. Parasitic species also appear. The best known representatives are:
· Paramecium. Ciliated freshwater appears containing plant residues.
· Vorticella. It also appears in freshwater. It features live fixed to the substrate. Is an individual sessile. It uses cilia to capture food. Tetrahymena thermophila
· . Are represented in all kinds of aquatic habitats, but are mostly inhabitants of freshwaters and soils, with some notable but isolated group of marine forms. Many hold up well contamination and thrive in the sewers and treatment plants wastewater. They feed on organic particles and engulfing all bacteria and other microorganisms, sometimes almost as big as them.
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Choose 5 investigates interspecific relationships with an example of each type of biological association of protozoa:
or symbiosis or predator-prey
or Foresis
or
or commensal mutualism or parasitism
or Parasitiasis
or parasites or ectoparasites
or endoparasite Parasite
or erratic or aberrant. Parasite
or accidental.
or facultative parasites or obligate parasite
or monoxenous
or Heteroxenos
or parasitic Zoonoses
or symbiosis or predator-prey
or Foresis
or
or commensal mutualism or parasitism
or Parasitiasis
or parasites or ectoparasites
or endoparasite Parasite
or erratic or aberrant. Parasite
or accidental.
or facultative parasites or obligate parasite
or monoxenous
or Heteroxenos
or parasitic Zoonoses
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ASSOCIATIONS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY ACTIVITY 19
1. Intraspecific:
· Partnerships, the individual retains his individuality
· Colonies, the body does not retain its individuality
2. Interspecific:
· Symbiosis. Association (temporary or permanent) between two organisms of different species.
· Partnerships, the individual retains his individuality
· Colonies, the body does not retain its individuality
2. Interspecific:
· Symbiosis. Association (temporary or permanent) between two organisms of different species.
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PROTOZOAN
Check 
Check
basic bibliography, find out the definitions of reproductive rates listed below and generate a concept map.
In asexual reproduction are:
1. Binary fission or bipartition. There are also rules in this type of reproduction: transverse and longitudinal.
2. Budding
3. Multiple fission.
4. Merogonia or schizogony
5. Sporogony.
In sexual reproduction are:
1. Syngamy: isogamy and anisogamia
2. Conjugation.
3. Autogamy.
In asexual reproduction are:
1. Binary fission or bipartition. There are also rules in this type of reproduction: transverse and longitudinal.
2. Budding
3. Multiple fission.
4. Merogonia or schizogony
5. Sporogony.
In sexual reproduction are:
1. Syngamy: isogamy and anisogamia
2. Conjugation.
3. Autogamy.
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WHAT RELEVANCE HAVE THE PROTOZOA IN MICROBIOLOGY? PLAY
Lifecycle
This consists of protozoa trophozoites and cysts (cysts). The phase where protozoa carried out their main activity (nutrition and growth) is in the trophozoite stage. In this phase can not withstand the effects of different chemicals, food deficits, drastic changes in temperature, pH and other environmental factors. To counter these adverse factors are cysts.
The cystic stage is the life cycle of protozoa which is resistant to different environmental conditions. The cysts are metabolically dormant, or inactive. This phase is important for dispersal organisms. An example of protozoan pathogens which dispersion is effected by means of Entamoeba histolytica cysts is , which causes amoebic dysentery.
reproductive processes, within which there are a number of variants whose knowledge is very important to characterize some of the different phyla of these microorganisms, however deserve a description covering the main types.
Lifecycle
This consists of protozoa trophozoites and cysts (cysts). The phase where protozoa carried out their main activity (nutrition and growth) is in the trophozoite stage. In this phase can not withstand the effects of different chemicals, food deficits, drastic changes in temperature, pH and other environmental factors. To counter these adverse factors are cysts.
The cystic stage is the life cycle of protozoa which is resistant to different environmental conditions. The cysts are metabolically dormant, or inactive. This phase is important for dispersal organisms. An example of protozoan pathogens which dispersion is effected by means of Entamoeba histolytica cysts is , which causes amoebic dysentery.
reproductive processes, within which there are a number of variants whose knowledge is very important to characterize some of the different phyla of these microorganisms, however deserve a description covering the main types.
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Gram +, Gram -
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In microbiology are called Gram positive bacteria those bacteria that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram stain : hence the name "Gram-positive", or "gram-positive." [1] This feature is closely linked to the structure of the cell envelope therefore reflects a natural type of bacterial organization. They are one of the major groups of bacteria , and when treated as a taxon also uses the name Posibacteria. [2] The remaining are Gram-negative bacteria. The cell envelope
of Gram-positive bacteria includes cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall composed by a thick layer of peptidoglycan , surrounding the above. The cell wall binds to the cytoplasmic membrane by lipoteichoic acid molecules . Peptidoglycan layer confers strong resistance to these bacteria and is responsible to retain the dye during the Gram stain. Unlike Gram-negative , Gram-positive do not have a second outer lipid membrane to the cell wall and this wall is much thicker. [3]
species include both mobile (via flagella) as stationary shaped bacillus ( Bacillus, Clostridium , Corynebacterium , Lactobacillus, Listeria ) or coconut ( Staphylococcus, Streptococcus ) with thick cell walls or without ( Mycoplasma ). Some species are photosynthetic , but most are heterotrophic . Many of these bacteria form endospores in unfavorable conditions. [4] Actually, not all bacteria are Gram-positive group (not stained by the application of this method), but are included here because of its molecular similarity with other Gram-positive bacteria. In
microbiology is Gram-negative bacteria called these bacteria do not stain dark blue or violet by Gram stain, and do a color faint pink, hence the name "Gram-negative" or also "Gram." [1] This feature is closely linked to the structure of the cell envelope therefore reflects a natural type of bacterial organization. They are one of the major groups of bacteria they are treated as taxon is also used Negibacteria name. [2] The remaining bacteria are Gram positive .
Gram-negative bacteria have two lipid membranes between which is located a thin cell wall peptidoglycan of , while Gram-positive bacteria have only one lipid membrane and the wall is much thicker peptiglicano. Being thin wall, does not retain the dye during the Gram stain. [3]
Many species of Gram-negative bacteria cause disease. The Gram-negative cocci cause gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae ) meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis ) and respiratory symptoms (Moraxella catarrhalis ), among others. The Gram-negative bacilli include a large number of species. Some of them primarily cause respiratory disease (Haemophilus influenzae , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), urinary diseases ( Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis , Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens ) and gastrointestinal ( Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella enteritidis , Salmonella typhi ). Others are associated with nosocomial infections (Acinetobacter baumannii ).
of Gram-positive bacteria includes cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall composed by a thick layer of peptidoglycan , surrounding the above. The cell wall binds to the cytoplasmic membrane by lipoteichoic acid molecules . Peptidoglycan layer confers strong resistance to these bacteria and is responsible to retain the dye during the Gram stain. Unlike Gram-negative , Gram-positive do not have a second outer lipid membrane to the cell wall and this wall is much thicker. [3]
species include both mobile (via flagella) as stationary shaped bacillus ( Bacillus, Clostridium , Corynebacterium , Lactobacillus, Listeria ) or coconut ( Staphylococcus, Streptococcus ) with thick cell walls or without ( Mycoplasma ). Some species are photosynthetic , but most are heterotrophic . Many of these bacteria form endospores in unfavorable conditions. [4] Actually, not all bacteria are Gram-positive group (not stained by the application of this method), but are included here because of its molecular similarity with other Gram-positive bacteria. In
microbiology is Gram-negative bacteria called these bacteria do not stain dark blue or violet by Gram stain, and do a color faint pink, hence the name "Gram-negative" or also "Gram." [1] This feature is closely linked to the structure of the cell envelope therefore reflects a natural type of bacterial organization. They are one of the major groups of bacteria they are treated as taxon is also used Negibacteria name. [2] The remaining bacteria are Gram positive .
Gram-negative bacteria have two lipid membranes between which is located a thin cell wall peptidoglycan of , while Gram-positive bacteria have only one lipid membrane and the wall is much thicker peptiglicano. Being thin wall, does not retain the dye during the Gram stain. [3]
Many species of Gram-negative bacteria cause disease. The Gram-negative cocci cause gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae ) meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis ) and respiratory symptoms (Moraxella catarrhalis ), among others. The Gram-negative bacilli include a large number of species. Some of them primarily cause respiratory disease (Haemophilus influenzae , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), urinary diseases ( Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis , Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens ) and gastrointestinal ( Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella enteritidis , Salmonella typhi ). Others are associated with nosocomial infections (Acinetobacter baumannii ).
Comparison of bacterial cell envelopes . Top: Gram-positive bacteria. 1 - cytoplasmic membrane, 2 - peptidoglycan , 3 - phospholipids, 4 - protein, 5 - lipoteichoic acid. Below: Gram-negative bacteria. 1 - cytoplasmic membrane (inner membrane), 2 - periplasmic space, 3-outer membrane, 4 - phospholipids, 5 - peptidoglycan , 6 - lipoprotein , 7 - protein, 8 - lipopolysaccharide, 9 - porins.
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MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF ANTIBIOTICS ON 18
antimicrobial agents acting on a number of mechanisms, very different from each other and whose targets are in different regions of the attacked cell.
Antibiotics can be classified according to several parameters:
by spectrum: spectrum
· From: against gram + bacteria and Gram-
intermediate spectrum · From: act against a group of them, but also have the capacity action against some bacteria in the other group.
· Of narrow-spectrum: on one particular group of bacteria.
Antibiotics can be classified according to several parameters:
by spectrum: spectrum
· From: against gram + bacteria and Gram-
intermediate spectrum · From: act against a group of them, but also have the capacity action against some bacteria in the other group.
· Of narrow-spectrum: on one particular group of bacteria.
Friday, November 19, 2010
Little Black Particals In Urine
Based on the above text and consulting 3-related news * analyze and respond according to your perspective, the following question:
What is the economic importance of bacteria today?
* You must deliver news, with the corresponding literature, along with your response.
What is the economic importance of bacteria today?
* You must deliver news, with the corresponding literature, along with your response.
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use in biotechnology
Many industries depend in part or entirely of bacterial action. Lots of important chemicals such as ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, butyl alcohol and acetone are produced by specific bacteria. Bacteria are also used for curing snuff, leather tanning, rubber, cotton, etc.
Bacteria have a capacity notable to degrade a variety of organic compounds as used in the treatment of wastewater, waste recycling and bioremediation. Bacteria capable of degrading hydrocarbons are often used in cleaning oil spills. For example, after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 in Alaska beaches of fertilizers used to promote the growth of these naturally occurring bacteria. These efforts were effective on beaches where the oil layer was not too thick. Bacteria are also used for the bioremediation of industrial toxic wastes. In the chemical industry, bacteria are used in the synthesis enantiomerically pure chemicals for pharmaceutical or agrochemical.
Bacteria can also be used for biological pest control to replace pesticides. This commonly involves the species Bacillus thuringiensis, a soil bacterium Gram-positive. Subspecies of this bacterium are used as insecticides for lepidopteran specific. Due to their specificity, these pesticides are considered environmentally friendly, with little or no effect on humans, animals and most beneficial insects such as pollinators.
Bacteria are essential tools in the fields of biology, molecular genetics and biochemistry because of its ability to grow rapidly and the relative ease with which they can be manipulated. Making changes in bacterial DNA and examining the resulting phenotypes, scientists can determine the function of genes, enzymes and metabolic pathways, and can then transfer this knowledge to more complex organisms. Understanding the cellular biochemistry that requires huge amounts of data related to enzyme kinetics and the expression of genes, will generate mathematical models of entire organisms. This is achievable in some well-studied bacteria. For example, currently being developed and probado el modelo del metabolismo de Escherichia coli. Esta comprensión del metabolismo y la genética bacteriana permite a la biotecnología la modificación de las bacterias para que produzcan diversas proteínas terapéuticas, tales como insulina, factores de crecimiento y anticuerpos.
Bacteria have a capacity notable to degrade a variety of organic compounds as used in the treatment of wastewater, waste recycling and bioremediation. Bacteria capable of degrading hydrocarbons are often used in cleaning oil spills. For example, after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 in Alaska beaches of fertilizers used to promote the growth of these naturally occurring bacteria. These efforts were effective on beaches where the oil layer was not too thick. Bacteria are also used for the bioremediation of industrial toxic wastes. In the chemical industry, bacteria are used in the synthesis enantiomerically pure chemicals for pharmaceutical or agrochemical.
Bacteria can also be used for biological pest control to replace pesticides. This commonly involves the species Bacillus thuringiensis, a soil bacterium Gram-positive. Subspecies of this bacterium are used as insecticides for lepidopteran specific. Due to their specificity, these pesticides are considered environmentally friendly, with little or no effect on humans, animals and most beneficial insects such as pollinators.
Bacteria are essential tools in the fields of biology, molecular genetics and biochemistry because of its ability to grow rapidly and the relative ease with which they can be manipulated. Making changes in bacterial DNA and examining the resulting phenotypes, scientists can determine the function of genes, enzymes and metabolic pathways, and can then transfer this knowledge to more complex organisms. Understanding the cellular biochemistry that requires huge amounts of data related to enzyme kinetics and the expression of genes, will generate mathematical models of entire organisms. This is achievable in some well-studied bacteria. For example, currently being developed and probado el modelo del metabolismo de Escherichia coli. Esta comprensión del metabolismo y la genética bacteriana permite a la biotecnología la modificación de las bacterias para que produzcan diversas proteínas terapéuticas, tales como insulina, factores de crecimiento y anticuerpos.
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Ilustra todos los factores de virulencia bacterianos descritos en el tema.
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ACTIVITY 17 THE IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA Y SU USO EN LA BIOTECNOLOGÍA
Importancia biológica
Las cianobacterias son los organismos que en conjunto producen la mayor cantidad de materia orgánica y oxígeno del planeta. Algunas bacterias desempeñan en la naturaleza el papel de descomponedores, degradando los restos de seres vivos para que puedan ser utilizados by other agencies. Importance
The human food uses these organizations for many purposes: obtaining from the fermentation of dairy products, butter, pickles, soy sauce, wine, vinegar and yogurt.
Las cianobacterias son los organismos que en conjunto producen la mayor cantidad de materia orgánica y oxígeno del planeta. Algunas bacterias desempeñan en la naturaleza el papel de descomponedores, degradando los restos de seres vivos para que puedan ser utilizados by other agencies. Importance
The human food uses these organizations for many purposes: obtaining from the fermentation of dairy products, butter, pickles, soy sauce, wine, vinegar and yogurt.
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There are two types of bacterial toxins:
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), an integral part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, heat-resistant, pyrogenic, endotoxin toxicity are general (nonspecific), released into circulation with bacterial lysis.
proteins, soluble, thermolabile bacterial cells released by gram positive and negative during the exponential phase growth, also known as exotoxins. Some of them are considered the most poisonous substances known. The superantigens are exotoxins
unusual.
III secretion system (T3SS) of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens has 3 different types of proteins are used by microorganisms to manipulate cellular processes and promote bacterial virulence by releasing virulence factors in the cytosol of a host cell.
plasmids contain the genes needed to synthesize toxins and antibiotic resistance (R plasmids).
Pathogenicity Islands are segments of DNA that have a range of sizes between 10 and 500 kbp, which have been integrated into the bacterial chromosome by site-specific recombination adjacent to tRNA genes. These elements may contain virulence genes involved in adherence, toxin production, cell invasion, intracellular survival, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation.
is important to emphasize that a pathogenic bacterium must evade the host immune system.
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), an integral part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, heat-resistant, pyrogenic, endotoxin toxicity are general (nonspecific), released into circulation with bacterial lysis.
proteins, soluble, thermolabile bacterial cells released by gram positive and negative during the exponential phase growth, also known as exotoxins. Some of them are considered the most poisonous substances known. The superantigens are exotoxins
unusual.
III secretion system (T3SS) of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens has 3 different types of proteins are used by microorganisms to manipulate cellular processes and promote bacterial virulence by releasing virulence factors in the cytosol of a host cell.
plasmids contain the genes needed to synthesize toxins and antibiotic resistance (R plasmids).
Pathogenicity Islands are segments of DNA that have a range of sizes between 10 and 500 kbp, which have been integrated into the bacterial chromosome by site-specific recombination adjacent to tRNA genes. These elements may contain virulence genes involved in adherence, toxin production, cell invasion, intracellular survival, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation.
is important to emphasize that a pathogenic bacterium must evade the host immune system.
Monday, November 1, 2010
Where Can I Buy Wax Beads For Candles
Original Title: Back To The Future I (1985)
Actors: Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Crispin Glover, Elisabeth Shue, Lea Thompson, Matt Clark, Richard Dysart, Pat Buttram
Actors: Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Crispin Glover, Elisabeth Shue, Lea Thompson, Matt Clark, Richard Dysart, Pat Buttram
- The parking lot where they test the DeLorean for the first time is a mall called "Twin Pines Mall (Mall of the twin pines), but when the end Marty returns to 1985 and runs to save Doc the place is called "Lone Pine Mall (Mall of Lone Pine). This is because when Marty first arrived in 1955 and escaped from the farm of the old Peabody, crushing one of the pines that were planted in the area (as Doc had said before he was killed). Then the crushed pine Marty was one of the two for which the mall got its name.
- The man who drives the truck which clings to go Marty school (which eventually wound afternoon and Mr. Strickland gives you a detention) is Steven Spielberg! (With a green beanie).
- Doc cut Elsewhere, 1955 is the bag that Doc 1985, he left the car with stuff from 1985 as his underwear with a hairdryer and a "Playboy" for the trip that would make to the future before he was killed.
- The drifter who is lying on the bench in the square of Hill Valley in 1985 the night that Marty returns is the mayor of Hill Valley, 1955 Red Thomas.
- The actor who played George McFly (Crispin Glover) was replaced by Jeffrey Weissman because it seems that Glover had a fit mental / emotional.
- In one of the first drafts of the film, Hill Valley was called "Elmdale" and Marty was a forger of videos and the venue to see the DeLorean was first called "Three Pines Mall (Mall of the 3 pins) and no" Twin Pines Mall "(Center twin pines comercialde)
- Before Michael J. Fox the actor who would make Marty McFly was Eric Sholtz but was fired.
- Part 1 Back to the Future was released in the U.S. on July 3, 1985. The 2nd part was released in the U.S. on November 22, 1989 and the 3rd part on May 25, 1990 in the U.S. and Canada.
- Set Of The Hill Valley was burned intentionally by a security guard, and the set Hill Valley, 1885 caught fire because of ... lightning.
- In the film three to get out of bed in the farm of his grandparents the first thing Marty is fixed if you have pants on, recalling a similar scene in the film 1 when he takes off his pants Lorraine.
- Peabody's son is called Sherman and both names were taken from a boy and his dog who traveled through time in a 1961 film called "Bullwinckle Show."
- The musicians playing on the feast of Hill Valley in 1885 is the famous group ZZ Top.
- The cafe where Marty gets to use the phone when you first arrive at the Hill Valley of 1955 is called Lou \\ 's, this coffee in 1985 will be a school of aerobics with the same name. And in 2015 is called Café \\ '80, referring to a cafe in the 80's.
- This is a list of the Browns had in the phone book of Hill Valley, 1955:
Brown, Earl E
Brown, Earl R
Brown, Ebenezer Brown
, Ed C
Brown, Edwin L
Brown, Edwin S
Brown, Effre
Brown, Elfrieda
Brown, Ellen Brown
, Ellis
Brown, Elmer Brown
,
Emelie Brown, Emerald
Brown, Emil Brown & Co.
, Emmett L. scientist
Brown, Erick
Brown, Ernest Brown
,
Eugene Brown, Eva J
Brown Eva W
Brown, Ewan A
Brown, Ewan Q
Brown, Evelyn
Brown, Fredrick
Brown, Faye
- La familia de Lorraine en 1955 era Milton, Sally, Toby and Joey Baines.
- El programa que mira la familia de Lorraine y Marty mientras cenan se llama "The Honeymooners", pero el episodio que ellos miran no salió al aire hasta Diciembre de 1955, además se vio a las 8:30 pm de Nueva York, lo que significa que en California (donde queda Hill Valley) se vio a las 5:30, lo que significa que es imposible que lo vean mientras cenan (a menos que cenen a esa hora y que en Hill Valley el sol se ponga a las 5 de la tarde.
- En la casa de Doc de 1955, Doc escucha decir a su par de 1985 que to make the DeLorean time travel need a download of 1.21 jigowatts, then Doc exclaims that it is impossible to produce an electric shock of 1.21 jigowatts to what Marty asks What the hell is a jigowatts?, the question is not so ignorant after all, since the word jigowatts there actually is written gigawatts, but those who wrote the dialogues (Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis) and wrote it well and pronounce the whole time.
- When Marty goes to the house of George McFly in the night, dressed in a suit claiming he was an anti-radiation as Darth Vader on the planet "Vulcan" (in honor of Star Wars and Star Trek) to convince him to invite Lorraine go the school dance ("The enchantment under the sea" or "Enchantment under the sea dance") wears a hair dryer on the belt he took from the bag to put Doc in 1985 in the DeLorean for the trip future before he was killed. In this part there is another part cut off, when Marty to sleep back to George (he had awakened to the sound of Van Halen's guitar that he played for the film) puts you in the face with a handkerchief with chloroform, and that's why the next day, when Marty asks him what he was doing the replies "I fell asleep."
- In the novelization of the movie, Marty lights the fire alarm school with paper and a magnifying glass to escape arrest he had put Mr. Strickland for being late and arrive on time for the battle of the bands.
- The song that Marty and his band (the "Pinheads") is beginning to play an instrumental version of a song at the beginning of the movie called "The Power of Love" by Huey Lewis and the News. The judge said through megaphones while playing "Enough, sorry guys it's too loud!" Huey Lewis is in disguise. Huey Lewis and the News also plays the song you hear the alarm clock radio Marty "Back in Time", the morning after his return to first return to 1985.
- When Marty and George are walking down the school is a sign that says "Bulldogs vs. Indians" Bulldogs and Indians are the names of a football team where he was the son of Bob Gale. Bob Gale is a writer (with Robert Zemeckis) Back to the Future.
- Biff's house in 1955 is at 1809 Madison St. and lives with his grandmother Gertrude Tannen. (The voice of the grandmother is played by the same actor Thomas F. Wilson Biff Tannen.
- The Biff's Friends in 1955 called Skinhead, Match and 3D.
- When Marty was playing "Johnny B. Goode" at the prom, Marvin Berry (the leader of the band) called someone on the phone call telling Chuck had found new sound he was looking for, then he plays "Johnny B. Goode." Of course, "Chuck" is none other than Chuck Berry, who wrote and performed "Johnny B. Goode."
- On the Doc up to the Clock Tower (Clock Tower), break a piece of the cornice, that piece still broken in 1985 and 2015.
- The shoe Doc 1955 are used Velcro, which is impossible because the Velcro was not invented until the '60s.
- In case you did not notice the log-Hill Valley is called "Hill Valley Telegraph" (The Telegraph Hill Valley).
- In the beginning of the film all the clocks in the house Doc say it is 7:53 am.
- Doc The plutonium was stolen from the Libyans and the beginning of the film under his bed and on television claiming they were Libyans.
- In the beginning of the movie on the radio in the house of Doc heard an advertisement for a Toyota dealer named Statler, Statler was also a horse dealer in Hill Valley in 1885.
- The number of the speaker of the House of Doc is CRM114.
- The house / garage of Doc in 1985 is John F. Street Kennedy Drive, and when Marty asks his "grandfather" in 1955 when the River Side street led him to John F. Street Kennedy, his grandfather replied, "Who the hell is John F. Kennedy" (This is that Senator Kennedy was only one so far, not the president).
- Marty school in 1985, there is graffiti on one wall that says "Bob" This is in reference to Bob Gale, the creator (with Robert Zemeckis).
- In 1985 the service station "Texaco" is a Miller truck, when it comes to 1955 there is also a Miller truck.
- In 1985, Doc truck on the side reads "Dr. Emmet L. Brown Enterprises 24 h. Scientific Services (Dr. Emmet Brown Companies Scientific Services 24 hours).
- The second name was Douglas and George McFly was born on April 1, 1938 and 1985 alternate Biff was killed by the March 15, 1973. On 15 March is also the day Julius Caesar was killed.
- The board says OUTATIME Delorean (no time).
- The protagonist of Lord of the Rings Elijah Wood (The Lord of the Rings), work in Back to the Future II, playing the role of Mickey, the boy futuristic coffee was in '80, 2015, which Marty tried to teach him to play the gunman. Who would have thought that that nice boy, would become the main actor of another of the great trilogies in film history.
- It is uncertain exactly why Glover rejected his role as George McFly Back to the Future II and Back to the Future III continuations. Sources close to the project say he wanted too much money. Others say he just did not want to be stereotyped in character. To do that in life the reason, the filmmakers did some major re-write scripts to make the smallest, and replaced him with actor Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future II and III. From this problem Glover signed a preliminary contract requiring the actor to participate in all the movies of the sagas.
Tuesday, October 12, 2010
120 Inch Plastic Table Cloths
Back to the Future 3rd. Beer Festival in Guadalajara Office
comes the third beer festival in Guadalajara once again be held in the metropolitan park located in Zapopan. This year we want even more this festival to experience the Oktoberfest beer garden feature, so it will be in a natural environment, with children's games and again involving independent beer brands nationally and internationally.
The date is this Friday 15th, Saturday 16th and Sunday October 17 in the majestic Metropolitan Park, admission $ 40, children free.
Link: 3rd. Beer festival in Guadalajara 
comes the third beer festival in Guadalajara once again be held in the metropolitan park located in Zapopan. This year we want even more this festival to experience the Oktoberfest beer garden feature, so it will be in a natural environment, with children's games and again involving independent beer brands nationally and internationally.
The date is this Friday 15th, Saturday 16th and Sunday October 17 in the majestic Metropolitan Park, admission $ 40, children free.
"Uncovered in 2008, the movement of the revolution brewing in Mexico, aims to promote economic activity and converting industry to Guadalajara in the Cradle of Premium Beer.
The third edition also of continued success is the beginning of a consolidation in the quest to become the most important Latin American festival.
Like last year, we continued the search to generate an authentic experience, we maintain the Metropolitan Park of Zapopan as the natural setting for living an authentic Bier-garten, the German style. Natural environment, to enjoy and share responsibly cultural activities around the beer.
's celebrate the revolution brewing in Mexico! "
Link: 3rd. Beer festival in Guadalajara
Monday, October 11, 2010
How To Wear A Red Ball Gown
New surveys in the Gorges of Riaz and its environment (Refugio de Montejo and vicinity)
In the breeding season of 2010, for 88 days of field work in the gorges of Riaz and its environment (Segovia, Burgos and Soria), I was able to conduct censuses of nests and chicks successfully flown birds of prey (9 species), storks, herons and other waterfowl, crows, etc., the same way that during the past 36 years (since the creation of Refugio de Montejo in 1975).
The following results are still tentative, as there are many chickens do not fly yet.
Regarding vultures, I recorded in 2010 a total of 152 chickens in principle go through, in the Special Protection Area for birds (SPAs) and adjacent ravines, but came up in May 1924 more. This figure is better than the last three years (143 chickens flown in 2009, 127 in 2008 and 125 in 2007), but remains below the eleven previous years (1996 to 2006 inclusive). The peak was 2001, with 226 successful nests, although three may have been lost in the summer.
About the vulture, it is necessary to highlight several important considerations:
--- Since early May, I checked the failure 31 occupied nests, including 24 with chicken. In 11 nests, I saw the dead chicken, or remains the same. Contacted three of them, for their particular situation, Jesus Hernando, WWF guard Raptor Refuge, who in turn informed the nursery of the Natural Park, and members of the Board removed the three bodies mentioned (one in early June and two on August 6). Another dead chicken found by the shepherd Juan Manuel Hernando de Montejo, was taken by Jesus Hernandez, who turned him over to the Park House.
In recent years, loss of griffon vulture chicks in the nest, even grown chickens, has ceased to be exceptional, but has never been as high this season, not yet complete.
--- In 2010, the situation has changed radically vulture from one place to another. Similar to the previous year, as never before, almost all central areas of the gorges have been such failures that in some rock, the results have been the lowest on record. By contrast, large rocks west of the Refuge, and some of the eastern end of the SPA, show fairly good results with respect to recent years.
--- As has been happening in the last four seasons, from which worsened the problem of hunger, the mean dates of the reproduction of vulture have been too late. Breeding was delayed about a month, at least compared to what was usual in the 32 years preceding 2007.
--- may be added that for the first time I've seen, May 17, a vulture abandoned egg open and started eating a crow and vultures also by two (first by an adult, for over ten minutes, and about five hours later by a vulture immature or subadult) and June 11, the remains of a dead chicken eaten by a vulture jackdaw, an adult vulture, a young black vulture and griffon vulture adult. The jackdaw and the Egyptian vulture (the "white vultures") make this is normal, and I've seen other times, the black vulture had not ever seen, but I'm not surprised, but an adult vultures eat in the nest remains of a dead chicken in its own species, is something that I know of no precedent. ---
symptoms hungry vultures are still many obvious . Be noted in this regard, the importance of the three feeders or garbage dumps still operating in the region (of the eleven who had), and feeders in other areas, such as, among others, managed by the Azálvaro collective in southern Segovia.
In areas relatively close to the three provinces (Segovia, Burgos and Soria), in 2010 I controlled 61 other chickens grown griffon vulture, although one was lost during the summer.
In the same area, and including the gorges of Riaz, have registered This year 26 successful nests, where they have gone ahead 44 chickens, eight other species of raptors (five and three forest rupicola).
Regarding the Egyptian vulture and black vulture in the gorges and the environment, the results have been similar to 2009, both in number of successful nests and the number of chickens that come forward. However, in areas near the province of Soria, I obtained figures considerably lower than previous years.
The 2010 season has been good in the region, to the golden eagle and peregrine falcon, but not for forest raptors, with a particularly high failure in reproducing the booted eagle.
As for the heron, the Linares reservoir, I found four nests occupied in 2010, three of whom was born a chicken, and two were successful in raising a total of seven chickens come out ahead (there were other chickens that died). For other breeding waterbirds (great crested grebe, mallard, and a few others), continues the process of reviewing data.
Also in the reservoir, and in the section on rare birds in the region, highlights this year's observation on May 19 by José Luis López García-Pozuelo, a squacco , representing the second appointment know of the species there (The first was due to Daniel Magnenat, on June 5, 2005).
As for the white stork census in 45 municipalities (35 of 10, Segovia and Burgos, attached list), it is noteworthy that I have seen eight dead chickens in her nest, with which the figures for the stork, and probably final, are as follows: from 104 nests checked, 87 were occupied, and 47 have been successful in raising a total of 76 chickens in principle go ahead (two nests with four chickens, four nests with three chicks, 15 nests with two chicks, and 26 nests with a chicken). (Census 133 chickens flown in 2006, 117 in 2007, 86 in 2008 and 107 in 2009).
It This is the first year with fewer chickens flown to occupied nests in the area. Productivity (average nest blown up by chickens busy) and the rate of flight (mean chicks per nest successfully flown) were the lowest in the last eight years (2003-2010).
Possibly the most striking novelty of the present breeding season, are the results of the census of the crow. In 2010, for the first time, I found not a single nest success throughout the area SPA (Special Protection Area for birds, including the Refuge and the Nature), and only managed to locate a nest successfully in who have come into a single chicken in the area. These results are the lowest in the 36 years I've been doing the census. Fernando Núñez
reported a nest more in nearby areas. For his part, other naturalists (David Garcia, Alfredo López, Juan Prieto, Jesus Rodriguez, and Felix Martinez) report and discuss data on concern declines in crow (at least in terms of successful nests) in other regions of Spain.
is just thank, once again, the generous and kind support of not a few naturalists, and many pastors and other peoples, without which they could have kept these places and its wildlife. Thanks also, in particular, Jesus Hernando, WWF guard at the shelter, which incidentally reported a nest of vultures particularly difficult, and that makes it possible, among other tasks, maintenance of feeder vultures, WWF, in collaboration with farmers in the environment.
can be much more information on wildlife in Fact Sheets 32 and 33 (820 pages between them). In the section on new publications related to the Shelter (since 3472 will, we know), we highlight the recent appearance in the latest issue of the journal Argutorio "a lengthy article on the fall census groups, with charts and photos.
coincide with the dates of the next Fall census is planned, in the church of Montejo de la Vega, a Mass by the Swiss ornithologist Daniel Magnenat and other persons linked to the Refuge (inside and outside the region) who have died during these 36 years; priest in charge of Dr. Pedro Luis Rodríguez Panizo, teacher and naturalist, who knows this land since the early years of the Refuge.
then include a written report on the Refuge on 28 May.
An anecdote in the Refugio de Montejo
Yesterday (May 27th) afternoon, with cloudy skies and threat of storm, a huge black vulture flying high barrel parent in the Gorges of Refuge Riaz. Gave wide turns going back, overlooking a still wild and beautiful scenery. I followed him through binoculars for over eight minutes, while also flying swifts and vultures and other birds. And rain began, and the black vulture, the largest living bird of prey (by weight) of Europe (and the world, after the condors) away on the high moors, whose loneliness much appreciates this kind. It is amazing how you can fly perfectly, without flapping its wings in nearly three meters in such harsh weather conditions, and would you enjoy doing. Just took me
brochure SEO / BirdLife on the black vulture, named "bird of the year" 2010, which are among the threats, in addition to the poison and hunger and more, "the mismanagement of the mountains as the opening track, firewalls, access to hikers, etc. .
The black vulture has tried to raise (unsuccessfully) at least three times (almost four) at the shelter or in their environment, and these nests extraordinary, we had been waiting decades, are located further north and further east in Spain (ignoring old events when the species was much more widespread, and without the reintroduction project in Catalonia, where this year has been achieved the birth of the first chick).
After the aforementioned observation, the rain became so strong that I had to stop the census (of chickens from the vultures and other birds) and seek refuge in a small Cuevecitas or hollow where I spent the night with my gear . And where I am yet because it's still raining pretty, while I can observe with the telescope a vulture, Egyptian vulture and white, hidden in a distant Cuevecitas where its nest.
As I did other years in similar situations, and recalling the great naturalist Jesus Garzón Heydt about his memorable article "Comments from a shelter" (ADENA 5, 1972, pp. 33-34), writing in part to hang out and make the time somehow, and also, if these lines can remember someone's strength, hardness and beauty of this wildlife refuge, which has moved so many dreams and desires of men who knew how to study and defend on the ground while passing signals. His amazing story, almost 36 years, is an example in many other protected natural areas. Should not be forgotten, nor to the people whose noble and generous efforts have made this possible: from people from the villages (such as WWF guard Jesus Hoticiano Hernando and his father, among others), to naturalists from very different places ( such as Swiss ornithologist Daniel Magnenat, before his death he instructed us to continue our "loving and protecting this beautiful region," "quite exceptional, an international value," and left that could help keep editing the Fact Sheets on the Refuge).
still raining, while singing finch, oriole, and the dove. Cries the jackdaws, and the crow. The cast continues vulture away, turning his head from right to left as usual. Beyond that, we focus with the telescope a nest of vultures, where an adult protection from the rain at a very young chick (finally get to see the chick, which raises the head), and remember what is behind that this year (as average) the reproduction of vultures (for the fourth consecutive year, from which worsened the problem of hunger). I see 29 other vultures perched, apart from a few chickens in their respective nests, but many nests are empty, mute witnesses to the splendor still young in this colony, which became the largest known in Europe and possibly the world. Thankfully, the trough of Refuge (WWF) and one or two more are working, in the northeast of Segovia.
The attitude of the old buzzard (the first above) tells me that it's not raining as hard as before. It seems that this is, so I must leave the cache, to continue with the census, while the flight of a Kestrel announces a partial truce in the rain.
Dr. Fidel José Fernández y Fernández-Arroyo President of the Global
Refuge Riaza the Gorges of 
In the breeding season of 2010, for 88 days of field work in the gorges of Riaz and its environment (Segovia, Burgos and Soria), I was able to conduct censuses of nests and chicks successfully flown birds of prey (9 species), storks, herons and other waterfowl, crows, etc., the same way that during the past 36 years (since the creation of Refugio de Montejo in 1975).
The following results are still tentative, as there are many chickens do not fly yet.
Regarding vultures, I recorded in 2010 a total of 152 chickens in principle go through, in the Special Protection Area for birds (SPAs) and adjacent ravines, but came up in May 1924 more. This figure is better than the last three years (143 chickens flown in 2009, 127 in 2008 and 125 in 2007), but remains below the eleven previous years (1996 to 2006 inclusive). The peak was 2001, with 226 successful nests, although three may have been lost in the summer.
About the vulture, it is necessary to highlight several important considerations:
--- Since early May, I checked the failure 31 occupied nests, including 24 with chicken. In 11 nests, I saw the dead chicken, or remains the same. Contacted three of them, for their particular situation, Jesus Hernando, WWF guard Raptor Refuge, who in turn informed the nursery of the Natural Park, and members of the Board removed the three bodies mentioned (one in early June and two on August 6). Another dead chicken found by the shepherd Juan Manuel Hernando de Montejo, was taken by Jesus Hernandez, who turned him over to the Park House.
In recent years, loss of griffon vulture chicks in the nest, even grown chickens, has ceased to be exceptional, but has never been as high this season, not yet complete.
--- In 2010, the situation has changed radically vulture from one place to another. Similar to the previous year, as never before, almost all central areas of the gorges have been such failures that in some rock, the results have been the lowest on record. By contrast, large rocks west of the Refuge, and some of the eastern end of the SPA, show fairly good results with respect to recent years.
--- As has been happening in the last four seasons, from which worsened the problem of hunger, the mean dates of the reproduction of vulture have been too late. Breeding was delayed about a month, at least compared to what was usual in the 32 years preceding 2007.
--- may be added that for the first time I've seen, May 17, a vulture abandoned egg open and started eating a crow and vultures also by two (first by an adult, for over ten minutes, and about five hours later by a vulture immature or subadult) and June 11, the remains of a dead chicken eaten by a vulture jackdaw, an adult vulture, a young black vulture and griffon vulture adult. The jackdaw and the Egyptian vulture (the "white vultures") make this is normal, and I've seen other times, the black vulture had not ever seen, but I'm not surprised, but an adult vultures eat in the nest remains of a dead chicken in its own species, is something that I know of no precedent. ---
symptoms hungry vultures are still many obvious . Be noted in this regard, the importance of the three feeders or garbage dumps still operating in the region (of the eleven who had), and feeders in other areas, such as, among others, managed by the Azálvaro collective in southern Segovia.
In areas relatively close to the three provinces (Segovia, Burgos and Soria), in 2010 I controlled 61 other chickens grown griffon vulture, although one was lost during the summer.
In the same area, and including the gorges of Riaz, have registered This year 26 successful nests, where they have gone ahead 44 chickens, eight other species of raptors (five and three forest rupicola).
Regarding the Egyptian vulture and black vulture in the gorges and the environment, the results have been similar to 2009, both in number of successful nests and the number of chickens that come forward. However, in areas near the province of Soria, I obtained figures considerably lower than previous years.
The 2010 season has been good in the region, to the golden eagle and peregrine falcon, but not for forest raptors, with a particularly high failure in reproducing the booted eagle.
As for the heron, the Linares reservoir, I found four nests occupied in 2010, three of whom was born a chicken, and two were successful in raising a total of seven chickens come out ahead (there were other chickens that died). For other breeding waterbirds (great crested grebe, mallard, and a few others), continues the process of reviewing data.
Also in the reservoir, and in the section on rare birds in the region, highlights this year's observation on May 19 by José Luis López García-Pozuelo, a squacco , representing the second appointment know of the species there (The first was due to Daniel Magnenat, on June 5, 2005).
As for the white stork census in 45 municipalities (35 of 10, Segovia and Burgos, attached list), it is noteworthy that I have seen eight dead chickens in her nest, with which the figures for the stork, and probably final, are as follows: from 104 nests checked, 87 were occupied, and 47 have been successful in raising a total of 76 chickens in principle go ahead (two nests with four chickens, four nests with three chicks, 15 nests with two chicks, and 26 nests with a chicken). (Census 133 chickens flown in 2006, 117 in 2007, 86 in 2008 and 107 in 2009).
It This is the first year with fewer chickens flown to occupied nests in the area. Productivity (average nest blown up by chickens busy) and the rate of flight (mean chicks per nest successfully flown) were the lowest in the last eight years (2003-2010).
Possibly the most striking novelty of the present breeding season, are the results of the census of the crow. In 2010, for the first time, I found not a single nest success throughout the area SPA (Special Protection Area for birds, including the Refuge and the Nature), and only managed to locate a nest successfully in who have come into a single chicken in the area. These results are the lowest in the 36 years I've been doing the census. Fernando Núñez
reported a nest more in nearby areas. For his part, other naturalists (David Garcia, Alfredo López, Juan Prieto, Jesus Rodriguez, and Felix Martinez) report and discuss data on concern declines in crow (at least in terms of successful nests) in other regions of Spain.
is just thank, once again, the generous and kind support of not a few naturalists, and many pastors and other peoples, without which they could have kept these places and its wildlife. Thanks also, in particular, Jesus Hernando, WWF guard at the shelter, which incidentally reported a nest of vultures particularly difficult, and that makes it possible, among other tasks, maintenance of feeder vultures, WWF, in collaboration with farmers in the environment.
can be much more information on wildlife in Fact Sheets 32 and 33 (820 pages between them). In the section on new publications related to the Shelter (since 3472 will, we know), we highlight the recent appearance in the latest issue of the journal Argutorio "a lengthy article on the fall census groups, with charts and photos.
coincide with the dates of the next Fall census is planned, in the church of Montejo de la Vega, a Mass by the Swiss ornithologist Daniel Magnenat and other persons linked to the Refuge (inside and outside the region) who have died during these 36 years; priest in charge of Dr. Pedro Luis Rodríguez Panizo, teacher and naturalist, who knows this land since the early years of the Refuge.
then include a written report on the Refuge on 28 May.
An anecdote in the Refugio de Montejo
Yesterday (May 27th) afternoon, with cloudy skies and threat of storm, a huge black vulture flying high barrel parent in the Gorges of Refuge Riaz. Gave wide turns going back, overlooking a still wild and beautiful scenery. I followed him through binoculars for over eight minutes, while also flying swifts and vultures and other birds. And rain began, and the black vulture, the largest living bird of prey (by weight) of Europe (and the world, after the condors) away on the high moors, whose loneliness much appreciates this kind. It is amazing how you can fly perfectly, without flapping its wings in nearly three meters in such harsh weather conditions, and would you enjoy doing. Just took me
brochure SEO / BirdLife on the black vulture, named "bird of the year" 2010, which are among the threats, in addition to the poison and hunger and more, "the mismanagement of the mountains as the opening track, firewalls, access to hikers, etc. .
The black vulture has tried to raise (unsuccessfully) at least three times (almost four) at the shelter or in their environment, and these nests extraordinary, we had been waiting decades, are located further north and further east in Spain (ignoring old events when the species was much more widespread, and without the reintroduction project in Catalonia, where this year has been achieved the birth of the first chick).
After the aforementioned observation, the rain became so strong that I had to stop the census (of chickens from the vultures and other birds) and seek refuge in a small Cuevecitas or hollow where I spent the night with my gear . And where I am yet because it's still raining pretty, while I can observe with the telescope a vulture, Egyptian vulture and white, hidden in a distant Cuevecitas where its nest.
As I did other years in similar situations, and recalling the great naturalist Jesus Garzón Heydt about his memorable article "Comments from a shelter" (ADENA 5, 1972, pp. 33-34), writing in part to hang out and make the time somehow, and also, if these lines can remember someone's strength, hardness and beauty of this wildlife refuge, which has moved so many dreams and desires of men who knew how to study and defend on the ground while passing signals. His amazing story, almost 36 years, is an example in many other protected natural areas. Should not be forgotten, nor to the people whose noble and generous efforts have made this possible: from people from the villages (such as WWF guard Jesus Hoticiano Hernando and his father, among others), to naturalists from very different places ( such as Swiss ornithologist Daniel Magnenat, before his death he instructed us to continue our "loving and protecting this beautiful region," "quite exceptional, an international value," and left that could help keep editing the Fact Sheets on the Refuge).
still raining, while singing finch, oriole, and the dove. Cries the jackdaws, and the crow. The cast continues vulture away, turning his head from right to left as usual. Beyond that, we focus with the telescope a nest of vultures, where an adult protection from the rain at a very young chick (finally get to see the chick, which raises the head), and remember what is behind that this year (as average) the reproduction of vultures (for the fourth consecutive year, from which worsened the problem of hunger). I see 29 other vultures perched, apart from a few chickens in their respective nests, but many nests are empty, mute witnesses to the splendor still young in this colony, which became the largest known in Europe and possibly the world. Thankfully, the trough of Refuge (WWF) and one or two more are working, in the northeast of Segovia.
The attitude of the old buzzard (the first above) tells me that it's not raining as hard as before. It seems that this is, so I must leave the cache, to continue with the census, while the flight of a Kestrel announces a partial truce in the rain.
Dr. Fidel José Fernández y Fernández-Arroyo President of the Global
Refuge Riaza the Gorges of
Wednesday, September 29, 2010
Stouffers Outlet Solon Ohiohours
River Gorges National Park Riaz. Contributions to Conservation Program, monitoring and research.
River Gorges National Park Riaz. Contributions to Conservation Program, monitoring and research. New comments on their response. Paper presented at the Board of Directors.
understand that much of our contributions are summarized in three points: that by the Park management is clearly and expressly recognized the immense value of work (maintenance, monitoring, research, and outreach) made for decades (Not only by WWF Spain, also by the Fund and the CHD and other entities and individuals), to ensure (with permanent permits, written) that we will continue to make trouble, and to delete the activities or projects ( promoted by the park itself or by its address) that we believe threaten the conservation of natural values \u200b\u200bof the area. They should also comply with the agreements adopted at the proposal of the Fund in the public participation meeting of 07/05/1916, convened by the Board.
endorse the letter, in reply to his response, he sent Juan José Molina, alternate representative of conservation partnerships on the Board Chancellor Park, and as he showed them in that letter, then add the following comments to the response sent to us:
1 .- Contribution 1. Introduction (p. 1). It tells us that "records and includes the suggestion to recognize the work of different naturalists and associations in the area." However, we do not see even the slightest change in the six paragraphs of the introduction, which is exactly the same, but adding a general statement below.
It tells us that "there are facts and circumstances that justify the presence in the introductory paragraph only WWF Spain," "This is the only organization that has had and has responsibility for land management, which is reflected in PORN, and understand" that no mention should be made to other local actors. "
WWF is not true that Spain is the only organization "that has had and has responsibility for land management, as also has been and is for example the Douro River Basin, which is also expressly mentioned in PORN, and which is not mentioned in the introduction we discussed. They have also had and have responsibility for local councils and other entities and individuals.
On the other hand, Shelter Fund has also had responsibility for land management, cost as much as the salary of excellent saves del Refugio de Montejo (Hoticiano) when he was unjustly spent with by WWF Spain, and also ended up getting her reinstatement. The Fund also paid other things, from buying the first vehicle with a trailer that was below the nursery of the Refuge, to many of the signs of Refuge (and the corresponding signs.)
at least three times (1977-78, 1979-80, and 1995), WWF Spain would have left the Refugio de Montejo (the first two times, by choice or at least some of their leaders), if the Fund (or its members) would not have prevented. I have lived this story (which have not signatories to the program, by the way), and I know what I'm talking about. In fact, the Fund was established as such in 1979, precisely to solve the second problem mentioned. We believe that the representative of WWF Spain should show its appreciation to the Fund, particularly as regards the third conflict alluded to, rather than support by signing the exclusion of the Fund, reintroduction.
addition, the introduction of a program of "conservation, monitoring and investigation" of the gorges of Riaz should specifically named some people who have made almost all of them so completely disinterested and sometimes at the expense of significant personal sacrifice, this "conservation, monitoring and research." Although these people are almost fifteen hundred, the public participation meeting of 16/05/2007, convened by the Board, was approved (unanimously, and we have three witnesses to the Fund) in the previous program (the public use ) should include at least some names (including the Hoticiano), which then was not met. Despite our protests, and the word of the director of the park on the governing board have not seen even a mention general to that work in the public use program. Since then, the introduction of the program now should be mentioned explicitly discussed the Shelter Fund, the association of almost all the people mentioned, without which there would not have shelter starring his extraordinary history, without prejudice to important work of WWF (when it was positive because, unfortunately not always the case), or the CHD and other entities.
addition to conservation, awareness and outreach, most of the monitoring and research has been carried out selflessly by members of the Fund for 35 years (or at least for most of those 35 years). The censuses have received various scientific awards (from the first Faraday Prize from Spain, and in 1975 to Holland Award in 1977), have appeared in more than three thousand scientific publications and outreach (including several of the most important journals world on these issues), have appeared in 42 scientific conferences (17 of them international) and have been an example for many jobs in other protected areas.
understand that Natural Park management should thank and express mention of the work of the Fund and its members (and also the long and dedicated work of the guards of Refuge), instead of omitting it, or use the results without naming the perpetrators as has happened in various publications of the Board (not all, as in many other recognized). Even data on my list of vertebrates of the Refuge, which has Intellectual Property Register, are unnamed in some of the brochures handed out or distributed on the Park House (despite my repeated protests.) On the other hand, the Park House nor the Fund appears anywhere, although we send hundreds of signatures protesting against it (and other issues). Personally
have provided for decades, so disinterested and even the cost of shipping from my pocket, all the information I have requested and as far Moreover, both the Castile and Leon as many other entities and persons (including companies and individuals whose work was funded by the Board), and I've given enough copies of my work at WWF Spain. I have given the refuge for most of my life (over 35 years, with an average of more than eleven hours a day for several years, and without receiving any material reward or professional, or pretending). I think he is probably more WWF has named Spain as regards all types of publications related to the Shelter, at least on the outside of WWF, and probably more who have praised his performances when I understood that it deserved. [In addition, For many years, I was the partner No. 97 ADENA, and was a member of the Governing Board of ADENA Youth.] For decades, I had the great fortune of having the kind cooperation, quite generous, many hundreds of lovers of this land , in Spain and other countries. Indeed, many others have also devoted to the Refuge, silently but steadily, much of their resources, their illusions, and their efforts for more than thirty years (or thirty-five).
is sad, and profoundly unfair that neither the Fund nor any of us (not even the two octogenarians whose recognition expressly asked the Governing Board, on behalf conservation associations), deserve far not a single mention in the introduction of a program that may not have been possible without this work (not only ours, but also), whose authors are silent now, despite being specifically asked are appointed on several occasions. From the time of the gestation of PORN, I contributed to the report and previous work, in many cases, much or most of the information used in this work for free but with the condition that the authors mention ( condition and then failed to meet accepted, with some honorable exceptions). Perhaps the creation of either natural park have been possible, at least in the conditions under which it was made, without the generous work of the Fund, and members of the Fund, who now no longer wants or name.
Under these conditions, we can not vote or support that program.
2/3.- Contributions 2 and 3. We are grateful to have incorporated some of our corrections and suggestions, but we regret that others have not been the same.
In particular, we understood that the final reports of the censuses of autumn itself should be included in the basic literature, especially when we are requested to provide to the Board or the Park House (I've done on several occasions, by the way coasting I copies and without receiving the thanks). Currently, these reports are available on the Internet, where anyone can download. In fact, the very Junta de Castilla y León included a link on their environmental newsletter. In addition, these surveys have been mentioned in books or newsletters of the Board itself (sometimes correctly, sometimes without naming the author), other books and many other publications have inspired many works throughout Spain have mobilized nearly six hundred people, for nearly thirty years, and each of them has resulted in hundreds of hours of rigorous work and altruistic (even without counting the time of fieldwork). If instead of them we have held the Board, or the WWF, they would still consider "required reading? Yes
are still included in the literature, various unpublished reports recently commissioned by the Natural Park or the Board, and we believe it is mentioned, but insist that these works, funded with public money, should be released, especially when are ignored (the program that comment), many other important works that do are published but have not been paid by the Board (and thanks, again, at least have added some more).
regard to monitoring conducted, has been so exceptional that there is nothing like it in almost any other natural area of \u200b\u200bSpain, as some authors have recently recognized in different books of their own Junta de Castilla y León. In fact, the work of the refuge, many of them made by the Fund or its members, have led not a few studies in other natural areas within or outside Spain. We believe that the natural park management should demonstrate proud and grateful for that, and recognize it, and continue to build, but not underestimated.
We agree that all this work leads to further research and learning, without harming wildlife. We are grateful to have incorporated some of our contributions, but still superfluous, and do not contribute anything positive, the expressions that can be interpreted as a slight to the enormous work already done (sometimes at the expense of a tremendous effort and admirable, and at no cost to the Exchequer). We emphasize that some of the authors, the work on amphibians and reptiles mentioned in the literature of this same program, explicitly recognized in his other publication, the herpetofauna of the refuge had been prospected. No talking should be followed (in memory) of "gaps", "lack", "lack of data on the presence or conservation status of species or taxa of these groups, let alone of" the absence sometimes an appropriate methodology and a specific purpose in the process of collecting these data. " While welcoming the others have changed or nuanced expressions that were in the same direction, and put "sometimes", and many other places would like to have the amount of information contained herein has been obtained, and published in large part on amphibians and reptiles for example (and not only on amphibians and reptiles), and also obtained almost always in a coordinated and altruistic. Indeed, years ago I presented a communication on amphibians and reptiles of the Refuge, in the Luso-English Congress of Herpetology, University of Valencia, you can see a brief summary minute book of the congress. The catalogs of amphibians and reptiles are already made and published, and we also know many of the breeding sites of amphibians (if not all, though some of them have been altered by the actions of public use of the park). This does not prevent these species can be studied further and may find many more things (some species not found above seems rather difficult, though certainly not impossible), but to justify such studies make no lack expression as outlined above. It should be recalled that Dr. Valverde, who was the first ornithologist to published data on Riaza sickles, and citing zoo director in the book Board on sickles, wrote in his memoirs about his scientific training placements in other countries: "That (...) taught me one thing above all: respect for the preservation of the work of predecessors, solid foundation it sits today. "
4 .- Contribution 4. We are told that "inform the Fund." However, to date we have not been reported, apart from the reviews that appear in the Proceedings of the Casa del Parque (sometimes commented on the Governing Board) and informed him personally by different authors, none of the work done there on behalf of the Park, nor have published their results (we know).
only just received, and thank you, copies of letters that had requested the Board of Directors. It also points out that recent data had asked about poisoning (in the minutes of the Governing Board did not include the dates, only the year). 5 .- Contribution
5. We appreciate you alluded to the scarcity of food for carrion birds, although we believe that the current shortage is evident, but "possible." Have been closed, we know, eight of the eleven middens (or similar) we knew in the region, and has drastically reduced the available carrion in the field (not only in the region). The symptoms of hunger are many and could extend over it. It is clear that the situation would be much worse without the excellent work of the nursery of WWF (the former guard and current), and we welcome the additional power on the agenda to discuss. On the other hand, insist that, according to our data, which is down not only the productivity of the colony of griffon vulture, but also the population, and also indicates the WWF.
When was conducted in 1979 the first national census of vultures, I was almost alone, as can be seen in the corresponding volume of "Ardeola" which provided specific numbers on a recent increase. Then he saw that the recovery (vultures) was much more general, almost all of Spain, and the rarity of the gorges of Riaz was made up there. The same, in one sense or another, has occurred throughout the history of the Refuge, with other species (from Bonelli to the otter, and could put more examples).
Now might be something similar, with the decline of vultures. The results of our surveys are a warning that should not be ignored. Above all, taking into account the latest data published (in "Vulture News", and in many More media) about the decline of vulture populations in many other countries. Something similar could happen in much of Spain, if there are no means to avoid, in line with the conclusions of the national conference on vultures (organized by Caralluma in Caravaca, Murcia) and the Conference on Vulture (UNED). We also recall the joint letter signed by 26 associations in 2009 and titled "Can not go on like this." This paper has been published in multiple media, including the latest circular of the Fund. 6 .- Contribution
6. We are told, without addressing any of the actions that spoke up, that "to date has not been worked comprehensively with this subject, we know little about the possible need for improvement and hence on the required actions. " Also refers to "budget constraints will likely affect the park in the immediate future."
no cost to the park, we have spent many years studying the subject, or at least those species that breed there every year and reproductive performance (among other things) communicate to the current park management had threats Some promoted by them, and we were not ignored either. In particular, when there are still a few car parks (around the reservoir) in the public participation meeting above (May 2007), we opposed to only one such car, which was nearly occupied raptor nests. We replied that he would study, and had to study it very quickly, because a few days later he was put there the parking lot, despite our opposition. That year (2007) was the first that failed to play in the next booted eagle nest, though not that of the black kite (ending soon). The following year (2008), and two nests were lost, the eagle and the hawk, but both had started breeding. All these data were published, with details but indicate sites in the Fact Sheets, and also told some at meetings of the Board of Directors. In 2009, the road itself raised, but not the dove. From a distance, I could see, in 2009, visitors eating or snacking, with table and chairs, just below the old nest, which I hardly again be occupied if the car stays there. We can not understand, therefore, that we reply as before alluded to.
I have also seen, in 2009, and on the other side of the pond, bathing in the occupied nests of herons during the breeding season, despite signs that forbid theory.
7 .- Contribution 7. We welcome the built-in monitoring of irrigation infrastructure, and recalled that there was a proposal to that effect was rejected at the time by the direction of the park, although who proposed (Juan José Molina) was probably the person most previous work had done so altruistic about it (as shown in the Fact Sheets).
Furthermore, we reiterate what has been said about the alteration of valuable habitats for amphibians, certain invertebrates, etc., Paradoxically, as a result of the creation of a natural park that theoretically and legally should protect them, and certainly without consulting the Fund or to make If none. We understand that the issue itself should be subject to this program, including conservation. Contributions 8/9.-
8 and 9. 8.1 .- With respect to the granting of permits .- According to the Natural Park Act (Article 2), and with the NRDP (Article 11), research work, provided they do not harm the environment, should be authorized and encouraged by the direction of the Park, "without putting unnecessary barriers", as said Juan Jose Molina on behalf of conservation groups (not just the Fund) at the Governing Board.
Despite this, and that is unusual, I have personally suffered even after several requests and obtained permits to continue to conduct censuses and surveys I've been doing 35 years, various obstacles that rub or exceeds the absurd (and may also illegal), at least in some of the five years of the Park ( not all), and I can detail if desired. I was not the only member of the Fund has suffered this type of difficulty, in some cases very serious, and we can achieve. This has caused considerable distress, specifically in some of the people who should have been given more facilities for its rigorous, selfless, free for the park, and many years. In fact, not a few veteran researchers have chosen to focus primarily on the environment of the park to avoid what in some cases has come to seem almost a chase. Others have preferred to leave to keep asking so many permits, and simply avoid the various controls, which lately is often easy, as reporters often do not park in their jobs.
face some situations that we had to suffer and that we consider unacceptable, it seems essential that the program explicitly mentioned to ensure that we continue with our tracking of wildlife. Each year I applied, unsuccessfully so far, that I be given a permanent lease for my studies and surveys, censuses were the first, and during long time the only, on nests and chicks of vultures and owls and other birds. Also our collective fall censuses, some censuses of waterfowl (and other prey species) that have been underway for many years by the same or the same ornithologists, etc.., Should have a permanent permit, in our opinion.
As noted above, we expressly recognizing the value of our work (citing the Fund or the corresponding author), and simply to ensure a permanent license to continue to do so (no new challenges). This guarantee, requested several times (also in the contributions to the program), is still missing, although our studies did not involve any costs for the park.
8.2 .- With respect to the censuses of autumn .- As noted above, the final reports also appear online, so anyone can download them. In addition, the summary is widely available in many media of all kinds, often including electronic or printed newsletters the Board itself Castilla y León (sometimes, with link to full report). We have also provided to all members of the Governing Board of the Park, repeatedly, and paying (the representative associations or the alternate representative) all copies of your pocket. In addition, it publishes circulars Fund, we have also provided members of the Governing Board. Indeed, in the last session of the Governing Board that I attended, the director of the park was the only board member who refused to collect the large folder of documents that I gave for free to all (to everyone but him, because offered it and did not catch), and included the summary among other things, so I do not understand that now seem interested, especially when in previous years gave the full printed report, as gifts, in the Casa del Parque, without received no response.
And as for the commitment to do so .- The census has been carried out autumn 27 years (since 1983 inclusive, not since 2010 and have been in the program and should correct it), without interruption, or by weather conditions (some years have been very harsh), nor by the camps that the Junta de Castilla y León authorized in 2008 during the conduct of the census even though we all previous permits (including the Board) and put at real risk the lives of several participants (some spread about it in Internet photos, which were quite mentioned).
Neither signatory of the program and the response to comment, has never participated in the census of autumn, and has not attended any previous or subsequent meetings, in spite I know I Antonio Ruiz expressly invited to do so the current director of the park. As noted by Juan Prieto at these meetings, the census will continue through fall only if the number of participants, well prepared, is still sufficiently high for it (not only for the field, but also but also for previous work organization, and subsequent review of progress reports and final report, tasks that require fewer but longer). So far, the number of participants has always been more than enough, but it is a voluntary task and no one can guarantee that it remains so (as we want and expect.)
8.3 .- With respect to the acquisition of the Fact Sheets, and other issues .- As we have repeatedly stated, the Fact Sheets from the No. 25 are also on the Internet, and have recently been put on the Internet the first seventeen numbers (thanks to the generous and substantial assistance of Juan Luis Galindo, Raul Gonzalez, et al.) Anyone can download in pdf.
believe, however, the Park House should also purchase the print edition, at least the last numbers (the last two, 32 and 33, totaling 820 pages, and all are sold out earlier), as has been done public libraries in various locations (including Segovia, Aranda, and Madrid), and several universities. Casa del Parque in only three (numbers 24, 28 and 29), as contained in the Annual Report 2009 (p. 59). This printed edition is sold at cost price, and the aforementioned public participation meeting, convened by the Board, it was unanimously agreed that the Park House buy the latest issues of the Newsletter. Protested in the Governing Board for breach of this Agreement (and any others that our proposal were adopted, at that meeting), and zoo director said that there was no budget para ello. Alegué que, si no había presupuesto, cómo figuraban otras muchas publicaciones adquiridas, a lo que me respondió que las adquiría cierto organismo. Contesté que el mismo organismo podía comprar también las Hojas Informativas, y que si no lo hacían era porque no les daba la gana; a lo que me respondió el director del parque, literalmente, en público y en la Junta Rectora: “Pues eso, porque no nos da la gana”,
Aunque al actual director del parque “no le dé la gana” cumplir el mencionado acuerdo, ya en 2004 enviamos más de 400 firmas, incluyendo las firmas de muy buenos conocedores del Refugio, protestando, entre otras cosas, porque las Sheets did not appear in the Park House. It seems quite obvious that at least one copy of the latest print editions should appear there, especially when it is sold at cost, to the point that a friend in Barcelona, \u200b\u200bwhich was printed from the Internet and bound in a store, I said which had cost him more expensive than if I had purchased.
I think that not only the latest Sheets, but other recent books or publications, either wholly or partially to the gorges of Riaz (from the wonderful book group "Crystal Nail" to our collective well book "The Legend of gullies" ) should be acquired House by the Park. In some articles, different people have protested precisely for this absence.
other hand, have spent every year (according to all reports received) hundreds of thousands of dollars in public-use actions (in the park or around) that are not always environmentally friendly and consistent with the purposes for which we in the park (you can set different examples.) We believe that the Junta de Castilla y León, which seems so generous for such actions, should also have a budget to compensate pastoralists, farmers and other locals that may cause damage wildlife in the region (although damage compensation WWF Refuge As we praise, but the park and its surroundings is not only the Refuge). To cite a concrete example, it is amazing the response to look like a pastor of the environment, in the sense that the Board had no budget to pay for the damage he caused, on the roof of his pen, hungry vultures (for more than the hungry vultures want to consider only as "possible"), which certainly had not ever happened before, and had to be the Fund, which seeks to deny any "responsibility for land management" who organized a collection to pay for such damage to the pastor.
In this program of "conservation" does not indicate anything relating to solve conservation problems arising paradoxically following the declaration of the nature reserve (or certain projects supported by its current director), who have repeatedly denounced, and which also highlighted the Ombudsman (File No. Q0502445) you do not even responded (four urgent formal requests) and the Joint Attorney, who recently opened a new record.
Finally, it has not addressed our request not mentioned in the program ("conservation, monitoring and research) other specific tasks, including census 35 years I have been doing. Over 26,894 hours (44 minutes) of field work, avoiding all sorts of obstacles (including weather), I have personally performed 4,277 tracking griffon vulture chicks that came later (in 737 different nests with breeding success, all numbered) , 309 chickens vulture that came later (in 73 successful nests, a total of 93 different nests), and so on, without charge or ask for anything material for it, and at the expense of not a few personal sacrifices. In addition, I have devoted much more time (most of my life, since the refuge was created, and even from something before) to classify the data, to study and defend the land (with a lot more people) and record the information kindly provided by hundreds of entities or people in love with these places. This has been widely published and disseminated, including my censuses of nests and chicks successfully flown, who also received several awards in the early years, and I remember are, at least for a large wild population followed with rigor and accuracy each year, the longest of which I have news (not only in Spain, to my knowledge). Despite our requests, and we still do not receive a permanent license to continue, and neither are named these surveys, nor are there with them in the research and monitoring program (with the exception now of census collective fall, and some references have been incorporated into the literature, I reiterate thanks), and is mentioned in the introduction to the Fund, nor is any mention of the guards, or the Refuge of CHD, or other persons or entities. The census of vultures and owls began in 1975, long before the years indicating continuing in this program. In fact, even the census of vultures funded by WWF and written by different people, began well before the year indicated by them on a poster on the history of the Refuge, as I indicated. Given the continued failure of that program, and the other previously mentioned reasons, we can not in general (I've discussed with many people very involved in it, including all members of the board of directors of the Fund and other associations), and I can not particularly support it, which does not preclude that, although voting against, recognize and thankful for the progress already mentioned, which are positive but we feel inadequate. Montejo de la Vega
the Serrezuela, February 16, 2010. PD-
In memory of Fortunato González Mínguez
Making the census of the Egyptian vulture and other birds, as
every year since 1975 (inclusive), I am impressed by the sad news of
death in crash, 1 July 2010, Fortunato
González Mínguez, at 76 years. I teach just
Newspapers publication. I say that in his village of Santa Cruz Burgos
de la Salceda is a crowded place and moving funeral.
Fortunato was 35 years (1963-1998), the manager of the dam reservoir
Segovia de Linares del Arroyo,
Hydrographic Confederation of the Duero. He lived with his wife Victorine
Bernal Bernal, with whom he had three children (John Joseph, Abel and Blas), the
second of which took office after his retirement.
Fortunato was then (on 11/12 June 1998) a moving tribute
of CHD, as reported in the Fact Sheet No. 26 on
Refuge (p. 155), and in our collective book "The Legend of
the gully" (p. 60). I
from these beautiful lands in which Fortunato
worked all his life, to dedicate a few lines of recognition
him and his family, and also thank the kindness, support and love I have always
shown during the 36 years of the Refuge. Fortunato
effectively developed not only his work, which had
a diary, but I knew it
earning the appreciation and respect and trust of the people of the area, as not all get
. Fortunato was a good man, saying
clearly what I thought. On the other hand, I think enjoyed his
facet of farmer.
addition, he and many anecdotes Victorina
remember when they offered the phone (the only environment), or invited
drink, Felix Rodriguez de la Fuente and members of his television crew
Man and Earth ", from even before the creation
Raptor Refuge. Many years later, in 1996
(12 January), also the current Prince of Spain, visited
because of some films in the Shelter
television series "The Wild Spain."
tell me that the ashes of Fortunato, doing his will, have
been scattered in his beloved Linares reservoir. His name will always
joined this Refuge, its history, and our illusions. Thank
Fortunato and his family for all their help and collaboration
, and everything I was taught. Many minds to
Victorine and her children, in this reservoir and its splendid surroundings,
Fortunato possibly still see in some way, from the sky
that God has in store.
Dr. Fidel Jose
Fernández y Fernández-Arroyo / ID 5352399 T
Representative associations of nature conservation in the Governing Board of the Park Fund President
Refuge Sickles of Riaz, and Director of the Conference on Vulture.
Associate Professor (Mathematical Analysis) and Professor of Institute (Mathematics).
c / Thought, 15 - 3 º A \u200b\u200b/ 28020-Madrid / Tel 91-5793345 
River Gorges National Park Riaz. Contributions to Conservation Program, monitoring and research. New comments on their response. Paper presented at the Board of Directors.
understand that much of our contributions are summarized in three points: that by the Park management is clearly and expressly recognized the immense value of work (maintenance, monitoring, research, and outreach) made for decades (Not only by WWF Spain, also by the Fund and the CHD and other entities and individuals), to ensure (with permanent permits, written) that we will continue to make trouble, and to delete the activities or projects ( promoted by the park itself or by its address) that we believe threaten the conservation of natural values \u200b\u200bof the area. They should also comply with the agreements adopted at the proposal of the Fund in the public participation meeting of 07/05/1916, convened by the Board.
endorse the letter, in reply to his response, he sent Juan José Molina, alternate representative of conservation partnerships on the Board Chancellor Park, and as he showed them in that letter, then add the following comments to the response sent to us:
1 .- Contribution 1. Introduction (p. 1). It tells us that "records and includes the suggestion to recognize the work of different naturalists and associations in the area." However, we do not see even the slightest change in the six paragraphs of the introduction, which is exactly the same, but adding a general statement below.
It tells us that "there are facts and circumstances that justify the presence in the introductory paragraph only WWF Spain," "This is the only organization that has had and has responsibility for land management, which is reflected in PORN, and understand" that no mention should be made to other local actors. "
WWF is not true that Spain is the only organization "that has had and has responsibility for land management, as also has been and is for example the Douro River Basin, which is also expressly mentioned in PORN, and which is not mentioned in the introduction we discussed. They have also had and have responsibility for local councils and other entities and individuals.
On the other hand, Shelter Fund has also had responsibility for land management, cost as much as the salary of excellent saves del Refugio de Montejo (Hoticiano) when he was unjustly spent with by WWF Spain, and also ended up getting her reinstatement. The Fund also paid other things, from buying the first vehicle with a trailer that was below the nursery of the Refuge, to many of the signs of Refuge (and the corresponding signs.)
at least three times (1977-78, 1979-80, and 1995), WWF Spain would have left the Refugio de Montejo (the first two times, by choice or at least some of their leaders), if the Fund (or its members) would not have prevented. I have lived this story (which have not signatories to the program, by the way), and I know what I'm talking about. In fact, the Fund was established as such in 1979, precisely to solve the second problem mentioned. We believe that the representative of WWF Spain should show its appreciation to the Fund, particularly as regards the third conflict alluded to, rather than support by signing the exclusion of the Fund, reintroduction.
addition, the introduction of a program of "conservation, monitoring and investigation" of the gorges of Riaz should specifically named some people who have made almost all of them so completely disinterested and sometimes at the expense of significant personal sacrifice, this "conservation, monitoring and research." Although these people are almost fifteen hundred, the public participation meeting of 16/05/2007, convened by the Board, was approved (unanimously, and we have three witnesses to the Fund) in the previous program (the public use ) should include at least some names (including the Hoticiano), which then was not met. Despite our protests, and the word of the director of the park on the governing board have not seen even a mention general to that work in the public use program. Since then, the introduction of the program now should be mentioned explicitly discussed the Shelter Fund, the association of almost all the people mentioned, without which there would not have shelter starring his extraordinary history, without prejudice to important work of WWF (when it was positive because, unfortunately not always the case), or the CHD and other entities.
addition to conservation, awareness and outreach, most of the monitoring and research has been carried out selflessly by members of the Fund for 35 years (or at least for most of those 35 years). The censuses have received various scientific awards (from the first Faraday Prize from Spain, and in 1975 to Holland Award in 1977), have appeared in more than three thousand scientific publications and outreach (including several of the most important journals world on these issues), have appeared in 42 scientific conferences (17 of them international) and have been an example for many jobs in other protected areas.
understand that Natural Park management should thank and express mention of the work of the Fund and its members (and also the long and dedicated work of the guards of Refuge), instead of omitting it, or use the results without naming the perpetrators as has happened in various publications of the Board (not all, as in many other recognized). Even data on my list of vertebrates of the Refuge, which has Intellectual Property Register, are unnamed in some of the brochures handed out or distributed on the Park House (despite my repeated protests.) On the other hand, the Park House nor the Fund appears anywhere, although we send hundreds of signatures protesting against it (and other issues). Personally
have provided for decades, so disinterested and even the cost of shipping from my pocket, all the information I have requested and as far Moreover, both the Castile and Leon as many other entities and persons (including companies and individuals whose work was funded by the Board), and I've given enough copies of my work at WWF Spain. I have given the refuge for most of my life (over 35 years, with an average of more than eleven hours a day for several years, and without receiving any material reward or professional, or pretending). I think he is probably more WWF has named Spain as regards all types of publications related to the Shelter, at least on the outside of WWF, and probably more who have praised his performances when I understood that it deserved. [In addition, For many years, I was the partner No. 97 ADENA, and was a member of the Governing Board of ADENA Youth.] For decades, I had the great fortune of having the kind cooperation, quite generous, many hundreds of lovers of this land , in Spain and other countries. Indeed, many others have also devoted to the Refuge, silently but steadily, much of their resources, their illusions, and their efforts for more than thirty years (or thirty-five).
is sad, and profoundly unfair that neither the Fund nor any of us (not even the two octogenarians whose recognition expressly asked the Governing Board, on behalf conservation associations), deserve far not a single mention in the introduction of a program that may not have been possible without this work (not only ours, but also), whose authors are silent now, despite being specifically asked are appointed on several occasions. From the time of the gestation of PORN, I contributed to the report and previous work, in many cases, much or most of the information used in this work for free but with the condition that the authors mention ( condition and then failed to meet accepted, with some honorable exceptions). Perhaps the creation of either natural park have been possible, at least in the conditions under which it was made, without the generous work of the Fund, and members of the Fund, who now no longer wants or name.
Under these conditions, we can not vote or support that program.
2/3.- Contributions 2 and 3. We are grateful to have incorporated some of our corrections and suggestions, but we regret that others have not been the same.
In particular, we understood that the final reports of the censuses of autumn itself should be included in the basic literature, especially when we are requested to provide to the Board or the Park House (I've done on several occasions, by the way coasting I copies and without receiving the thanks). Currently, these reports are available on the Internet, where anyone can download. In fact, the very Junta de Castilla y León included a link on their environmental newsletter. In addition, these surveys have been mentioned in books or newsletters of the Board itself (sometimes correctly, sometimes without naming the author), other books and many other publications have inspired many works throughout Spain have mobilized nearly six hundred people, for nearly thirty years, and each of them has resulted in hundreds of hours of rigorous work and altruistic (even without counting the time of fieldwork). If instead of them we have held the Board, or the WWF, they would still consider "required reading? Yes
are still included in the literature, various unpublished reports recently commissioned by the Natural Park or the Board, and we believe it is mentioned, but insist that these works, funded with public money, should be released, especially when are ignored (the program that comment), many other important works that do are published but have not been paid by the Board (and thanks, again, at least have added some more).
regard to monitoring conducted, has been so exceptional that there is nothing like it in almost any other natural area of \u200b\u200bSpain, as some authors have recently recognized in different books of their own Junta de Castilla y León. In fact, the work of the refuge, many of them made by the Fund or its members, have led not a few studies in other natural areas within or outside Spain. We believe that the natural park management should demonstrate proud and grateful for that, and recognize it, and continue to build, but not underestimated.
We agree that all this work leads to further research and learning, without harming wildlife. We are grateful to have incorporated some of our contributions, but still superfluous, and do not contribute anything positive, the expressions that can be interpreted as a slight to the enormous work already done (sometimes at the expense of a tremendous effort and admirable, and at no cost to the Exchequer). We emphasize that some of the authors, the work on amphibians and reptiles mentioned in the literature of this same program, explicitly recognized in his other publication, the herpetofauna of the refuge had been prospected. No talking should be followed (in memory) of "gaps", "lack", "lack of data on the presence or conservation status of species or taxa of these groups, let alone of" the absence sometimes an appropriate methodology and a specific purpose in the process of collecting these data. " While welcoming the others have changed or nuanced expressions that were in the same direction, and put "sometimes", and many other places would like to have the amount of information contained herein has been obtained, and published in large part on amphibians and reptiles for example (and not only on amphibians and reptiles), and also obtained almost always in a coordinated and altruistic. Indeed, years ago I presented a communication on amphibians and reptiles of the Refuge, in the Luso-English Congress of Herpetology, University of Valencia, you can see a brief summary minute book of the congress. The catalogs of amphibians and reptiles are already made and published, and we also know many of the breeding sites of amphibians (if not all, though some of them have been altered by the actions of public use of the park). This does not prevent these species can be studied further and may find many more things (some species not found above seems rather difficult, though certainly not impossible), but to justify such studies make no lack expression as outlined above. It should be recalled that Dr. Valverde, who was the first ornithologist to published data on Riaza sickles, and citing zoo director in the book Board on sickles, wrote in his memoirs about his scientific training placements in other countries: "That (...) taught me one thing above all: respect for the preservation of the work of predecessors, solid foundation it sits today. "
4 .- Contribution 4. We are told that "inform the Fund." However, to date we have not been reported, apart from the reviews that appear in the Proceedings of the Casa del Parque (sometimes commented on the Governing Board) and informed him personally by different authors, none of the work done there on behalf of the Park, nor have published their results (we know).
only just received, and thank you, copies of letters that had requested the Board of Directors. It also points out that recent data had asked about poisoning (in the minutes of the Governing Board did not include the dates, only the year). 5 .- Contribution
5. We appreciate you alluded to the scarcity of food for carrion birds, although we believe that the current shortage is evident, but "possible." Have been closed, we know, eight of the eleven middens (or similar) we knew in the region, and has drastically reduced the available carrion in the field (not only in the region). The symptoms of hunger are many and could extend over it. It is clear that the situation would be much worse without the excellent work of the nursery of WWF (the former guard and current), and we welcome the additional power on the agenda to discuss. On the other hand, insist that, according to our data, which is down not only the productivity of the colony of griffon vulture, but also the population, and also indicates the WWF.
When was conducted in 1979 the first national census of vultures, I was almost alone, as can be seen in the corresponding volume of "Ardeola" which provided specific numbers on a recent increase. Then he saw that the recovery (vultures) was much more general, almost all of Spain, and the rarity of the gorges of Riaz was made up there. The same, in one sense or another, has occurred throughout the history of the Refuge, with other species (from Bonelli to the otter, and could put more examples).
Now might be something similar, with the decline of vultures. The results of our surveys are a warning that should not be ignored. Above all, taking into account the latest data published (in "Vulture News", and in many More media) about the decline of vulture populations in many other countries. Something similar could happen in much of Spain, if there are no means to avoid, in line with the conclusions of the national conference on vultures (organized by Caralluma in Caravaca, Murcia) and the Conference on Vulture (UNED). We also recall the joint letter signed by 26 associations in 2009 and titled "Can not go on like this." This paper has been published in multiple media, including the latest circular of the Fund. 6 .- Contribution
6. We are told, without addressing any of the actions that spoke up, that "to date has not been worked comprehensively with this subject, we know little about the possible need for improvement and hence on the required actions. " Also refers to "budget constraints will likely affect the park in the immediate future."
no cost to the park, we have spent many years studying the subject, or at least those species that breed there every year and reproductive performance (among other things) communicate to the current park management had threats Some promoted by them, and we were not ignored either. In particular, when there are still a few car parks (around the reservoir) in the public participation meeting above (May 2007), we opposed to only one such car, which was nearly occupied raptor nests. We replied that he would study, and had to study it very quickly, because a few days later he was put there the parking lot, despite our opposition. That year (2007) was the first that failed to play in the next booted eagle nest, though not that of the black kite (ending soon). The following year (2008), and two nests were lost, the eagle and the hawk, but both had started breeding. All these data were published, with details but indicate sites in the Fact Sheets, and also told some at meetings of the Board of Directors. In 2009, the road itself raised, but not the dove. From a distance, I could see, in 2009, visitors eating or snacking, with table and chairs, just below the old nest, which I hardly again be occupied if the car stays there. We can not understand, therefore, that we reply as before alluded to.
I have also seen, in 2009, and on the other side of the pond, bathing in the occupied nests of herons during the breeding season, despite signs that forbid theory.
7 .- Contribution 7. We welcome the built-in monitoring of irrigation infrastructure, and recalled that there was a proposal to that effect was rejected at the time by the direction of the park, although who proposed (Juan José Molina) was probably the person most previous work had done so altruistic about it (as shown in the Fact Sheets).
Furthermore, we reiterate what has been said about the alteration of valuable habitats for amphibians, certain invertebrates, etc., Paradoxically, as a result of the creation of a natural park that theoretically and legally should protect them, and certainly without consulting the Fund or to make If none. We understand that the issue itself should be subject to this program, including conservation. Contributions 8/9.-
8 and 9. 8.1 .- With respect to the granting of permits .- According to the Natural Park Act (Article 2), and with the NRDP (Article 11), research work, provided they do not harm the environment, should be authorized and encouraged by the direction of the Park, "without putting unnecessary barriers", as said Juan Jose Molina on behalf of conservation groups (not just the Fund) at the Governing Board.
Despite this, and that is unusual, I have personally suffered even after several requests and obtained permits to continue to conduct censuses and surveys I've been doing 35 years, various obstacles that rub or exceeds the absurd (and may also illegal), at least in some of the five years of the Park ( not all), and I can detail if desired. I was not the only member of the Fund has suffered this type of difficulty, in some cases very serious, and we can achieve. This has caused considerable distress, specifically in some of the people who should have been given more facilities for its rigorous, selfless, free for the park, and many years. In fact, not a few veteran researchers have chosen to focus primarily on the environment of the park to avoid what in some cases has come to seem almost a chase. Others have preferred to leave to keep asking so many permits, and simply avoid the various controls, which lately is often easy, as reporters often do not park in their jobs.
face some situations that we had to suffer and that we consider unacceptable, it seems essential that the program explicitly mentioned to ensure that we continue with our tracking of wildlife. Each year I applied, unsuccessfully so far, that I be given a permanent lease for my studies and surveys, censuses were the first, and during long time the only, on nests and chicks of vultures and owls and other birds. Also our collective fall censuses, some censuses of waterfowl (and other prey species) that have been underway for many years by the same or the same ornithologists, etc.., Should have a permanent permit, in our opinion.
As noted above, we expressly recognizing the value of our work (citing the Fund or the corresponding author), and simply to ensure a permanent license to continue to do so (no new challenges). This guarantee, requested several times (also in the contributions to the program), is still missing, although our studies did not involve any costs for the park.
8.2 .- With respect to the censuses of autumn .- As noted above, the final reports also appear online, so anyone can download them. In addition, the summary is widely available in many media of all kinds, often including electronic or printed newsletters the Board itself Castilla y León (sometimes, with link to full report). We have also provided to all members of the Governing Board of the Park, repeatedly, and paying (the representative associations or the alternate representative) all copies of your pocket. In addition, it publishes circulars Fund, we have also provided members of the Governing Board. Indeed, in the last session of the Governing Board that I attended, the director of the park was the only board member who refused to collect the large folder of documents that I gave for free to all (to everyone but him, because offered it and did not catch), and included the summary among other things, so I do not understand that now seem interested, especially when in previous years gave the full printed report, as gifts, in the Casa del Parque, without received no response.
And as for the commitment to do so .- The census has been carried out autumn 27 years (since 1983 inclusive, not since 2010 and have been in the program and should correct it), without interruption, or by weather conditions (some years have been very harsh), nor by the camps that the Junta de Castilla y León authorized in 2008 during the conduct of the census even though we all previous permits (including the Board) and put at real risk the lives of several participants (some spread about it in Internet photos, which were quite mentioned).
Neither signatory of the program and the response to comment, has never participated in the census of autumn, and has not attended any previous or subsequent meetings, in spite I know I Antonio Ruiz expressly invited to do so the current director of the park. As noted by Juan Prieto at these meetings, the census will continue through fall only if the number of participants, well prepared, is still sufficiently high for it (not only for the field, but also but also for previous work organization, and subsequent review of progress reports and final report, tasks that require fewer but longer). So far, the number of participants has always been more than enough, but it is a voluntary task and no one can guarantee that it remains so (as we want and expect.)
8.3 .- With respect to the acquisition of the Fact Sheets, and other issues .- As we have repeatedly stated, the Fact Sheets from the No. 25 are also on the Internet, and have recently been put on the Internet the first seventeen numbers (thanks to the generous and substantial assistance of Juan Luis Galindo, Raul Gonzalez, et al.) Anyone can download in pdf.
believe, however, the Park House should also purchase the print edition, at least the last numbers (the last two, 32 and 33, totaling 820 pages, and all are sold out earlier), as has been done public libraries in various locations (including Segovia, Aranda, and Madrid), and several universities. Casa del Parque in only three (numbers 24, 28 and 29), as contained in the Annual Report 2009 (p. 59). This printed edition is sold at cost price, and the aforementioned public participation meeting, convened by the Board, it was unanimously agreed that the Park House buy the latest issues of the Newsletter. Protested in the Governing Board for breach of this Agreement (and any others that our proposal were adopted, at that meeting), and zoo director said that there was no budget para ello. Alegué que, si no había presupuesto, cómo figuraban otras muchas publicaciones adquiridas, a lo que me respondió que las adquiría cierto organismo. Contesté que el mismo organismo podía comprar también las Hojas Informativas, y que si no lo hacían era porque no les daba la gana; a lo que me respondió el director del parque, literalmente, en público y en la Junta Rectora: “Pues eso, porque no nos da la gana”,
Aunque al actual director del parque “no le dé la gana” cumplir el mencionado acuerdo, ya en 2004 enviamos más de 400 firmas, incluyendo las firmas de muy buenos conocedores del Refugio, protestando, entre otras cosas, porque las Sheets did not appear in the Park House. It seems quite obvious that at least one copy of the latest print editions should appear there, especially when it is sold at cost, to the point that a friend in Barcelona, \u200b\u200bwhich was printed from the Internet and bound in a store, I said which had cost him more expensive than if I had purchased.
I think that not only the latest Sheets, but other recent books or publications, either wholly or partially to the gorges of Riaz (from the wonderful book group "Crystal Nail" to our collective well book "The Legend of gullies" ) should be acquired House by the Park. In some articles, different people have protested precisely for this absence.
other hand, have spent every year (according to all reports received) hundreds of thousands of dollars in public-use actions (in the park or around) that are not always environmentally friendly and consistent with the purposes for which we in the park (you can set different examples.) We believe that the Junta de Castilla y León, which seems so generous for such actions, should also have a budget to compensate pastoralists, farmers and other locals that may cause damage wildlife in the region (although damage compensation WWF Refuge As we praise, but the park and its surroundings is not only the Refuge). To cite a concrete example, it is amazing the response to look like a pastor of the environment, in the sense that the Board had no budget to pay for the damage he caused, on the roof of his pen, hungry vultures (for more than the hungry vultures want to consider only as "possible"), which certainly had not ever happened before, and had to be the Fund, which seeks to deny any "responsibility for land management" who organized a collection to pay for such damage to the pastor.
In this program of "conservation" does not indicate anything relating to solve conservation problems arising paradoxically following the declaration of the nature reserve (or certain projects supported by its current director), who have repeatedly denounced, and which also highlighted the Ombudsman (File No. Q0502445) you do not even responded (four urgent formal requests) and the Joint Attorney, who recently opened a new record.
Finally, it has not addressed our request not mentioned in the program ("conservation, monitoring and research) other specific tasks, including census 35 years I have been doing. Over 26,894 hours (44 minutes) of field work, avoiding all sorts of obstacles (including weather), I have personally performed 4,277 tracking griffon vulture chicks that came later (in 737 different nests with breeding success, all numbered) , 309 chickens vulture that came later (in 73 successful nests, a total of 93 different nests), and so on, without charge or ask for anything material for it, and at the expense of not a few personal sacrifices. In addition, I have devoted much more time (most of my life, since the refuge was created, and even from something before) to classify the data, to study and defend the land (with a lot more people) and record the information kindly provided by hundreds of entities or people in love with these places. This has been widely published and disseminated, including my censuses of nests and chicks successfully flown, who also received several awards in the early years, and I remember are, at least for a large wild population followed with rigor and accuracy each year, the longest of which I have news (not only in Spain, to my knowledge). Despite our requests, and we still do not receive a permanent license to continue, and neither are named these surveys, nor are there with them in the research and monitoring program (with the exception now of census collective fall, and some references have been incorporated into the literature, I reiterate thanks), and is mentioned in the introduction to the Fund, nor is any mention of the guards, or the Refuge of CHD, or other persons or entities. The census of vultures and owls began in 1975, long before the years indicating continuing in this program. In fact, even the census of vultures funded by WWF and written by different people, began well before the year indicated by them on a poster on the history of the Refuge, as I indicated. Given the continued failure of that program, and the other previously mentioned reasons, we can not in general (I've discussed with many people very involved in it, including all members of the board of directors of the Fund and other associations), and I can not particularly support it, which does not preclude that, although voting against, recognize and thankful for the progress already mentioned, which are positive but we feel inadequate. Montejo de la Vega
the Serrezuela, February 16, 2010. PD-
In memory of Fortunato González Mínguez
Making the census of the Egyptian vulture and other birds, as
every year since 1975 (inclusive), I am impressed by the sad news of
death in crash, 1 July 2010, Fortunato
González Mínguez, at 76 years. I teach just
Newspapers publication. I say that in his village of Santa Cruz Burgos
de la Salceda is a crowded place and moving funeral.
Fortunato was 35 years (1963-1998), the manager of the dam reservoir
Segovia de Linares del Arroyo,
Hydrographic Confederation of the Duero. He lived with his wife Victorine
Bernal Bernal, with whom he had three children (John Joseph, Abel and Blas), the
second of which took office after his retirement.
Fortunato was then (on 11/12 June 1998) a moving tribute
of CHD, as reported in the Fact Sheet No. 26 on
Refuge (p. 155), and in our collective book "The Legend of
the gully" (p. 60). I
from these beautiful lands in which Fortunato
worked all his life, to dedicate a few lines of recognition
him and his family, and also thank the kindness, support and love I have always
shown during the 36 years of the Refuge. Fortunato
effectively developed not only his work, which had
a diary, but I knew it
earning the appreciation and respect and trust of the people of the area, as not all get
. Fortunato was a good man, saying
clearly what I thought. On the other hand, I think enjoyed his
facet of farmer.
addition, he and many anecdotes Victorina
remember when they offered the phone (the only environment), or invited
drink, Felix Rodriguez de la Fuente and members of his television crew
Man and Earth ", from even before the creation
Raptor Refuge. Many years later, in 1996
(12 January), also the current Prince of Spain, visited
because of some films in the Shelter
television series "The Wild Spain."
tell me that the ashes of Fortunato, doing his will, have
been scattered in his beloved Linares reservoir. His name will always
joined this Refuge, its history, and our illusions. Thank
Fortunato and his family for all their help and collaboration
, and everything I was taught. Many minds to
Victorine and her children, in this reservoir and its splendid surroundings,
Fortunato possibly still see in some way, from the sky
that God has in store.
Dr. Fidel Jose
Fernández y Fernández-Arroyo / ID 5352399 T
Representative associations of nature conservation in the Governing Board of the Park Fund President
Refuge Sickles of Riaz, and Director of the Conference on Vulture.
Associate Professor (Mathematical Analysis) and Professor of Institute (Mathematics).
c / Thought, 15 - 3 º A \u200b\u200b/ 28020-Madrid / Tel 91-5793345
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